The war of the worlds by HG Wells Essay Example For Students

The war of the worlds by HG Wells Essay It is said that science fiction is known as the literature of change. This is mostly down to the fact that no one has ever come up with a widely accepted definition for the genre. The so called, components for science fiction remain the same; speculation of the future based around the world we live in, superior technology or races we may encounter in the future, and finally possible outcomes this may have on individuals or the human race. Some say science fiction is a branch of fantasy, whilst others claim that it is simply known facts being developed. I think George May has come the closest to defining science fiction science fiction is what you find on the shelves in the library marked science fiction. H. G Wells was a pioneer in this undefined genre, as he was one of the first writers to combine science and advancements in technology, and at the same time, the human input and outlook upon these situations and how these unknown circumstances affect people. H. G wells was a scientist, not only did he write fictional books, but he also went on to write science text books as well his own scientific papers. We will write a custom essay on The war of the worlds by HG Wells specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now During the late 1800s, the theory of evolution was published, Britains industry was booming, not to mention the countless scientific and creative breakthroughs being made at the time. This was a disconcerting time for many, especially the religious, and such times are regarded as ideal conditions for science-fiction authors. Wells at the early stages of War of The Worlds employs the use of a scientist, Ogilvy a well known astronomer, this is so that Wells can add a sense of credibility to his ideas by making them come from an astronomer. As well as a scientist, he uses scientific terms to assist him. The sun at a mean distance of 140,000,000 miles, the use of this kind of language implies a great scientific and mathematical understanding. This, right from the start, creates a sense of realism about the book. It ties in with an issue raised in the intro about science fiction; developing known facts and exploring the boundaries. Wells is starting this here, yet man so vain no writer expressed any idea that intelligent life might have developed. To open up the audiences mind, to give him licence to explore and keep the audience open-minded. The Martian presence in the book is also linked with science fiction, as it is them who are the main influence on the human race and the narrator. Their superior technology and weaponry is a key feature in the book devastating heat ray, People or individuals are an important part of science fiction, as it is how they react, which can make a science fiction story, it is important to mention the social context of the book, if we are to understand Wells inspiration. Queen Victoria celebrated her Golden Jubilee the year before the book was published, things seemed to be set in stone, socially anyway. People more or less had a black and white view on the world, and the way things should be wrong. People cared strongly about where they were in the social hierarchy, which existed, as well as their marital status. However after the theory of evolution, the church was heavily damaged, suddenly the door of possibilities was open for all. Many, including Wells looked at the world in a different light. Wells, now, did not now agree with the classist attitudes in Britain at the time, he came from the working classes himself, he displays this through his writing. He believes all men are the same in the eyes of the Martians, the superiors, and it has taken a catastrophic chain of events to make the human race realise this. Martians and humans, he describes as men and ants. He also describes the worlds as being in splendid isolation. Much like the British Empire was, in a self-absorbed ignorant cocoon. H. G Wells expands on this criticism in his first chapter, Before we judge them too harshly. tter destruction our own species has wrought. .uf5820ea36eaaffa1915ed1c3a271260b , .uf5820ea36eaaffa1915ed1c3a271260b .postImageUrl , .uf5820ea36eaaffa1915ed1c3a271260b .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uf5820ea36eaaffa1915ed1c3a271260b , .uf5820ea36eaaffa1915ed1c3a271260b:hover , .uf5820ea36eaaffa1915ed1c3a271260b:visited , .uf5820ea36eaaffa1915ed1c3a271260b:active { border:0!important; } .uf5820ea36eaaffa1915ed1c3a271260b .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uf5820ea36eaaffa1915ed1c3a271260b { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uf5820ea36eaaffa1915ed1c3a271260b:active , .uf5820ea36eaaffa1915ed1c3a271260b:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uf5820ea36eaaffa1915ed1c3a271260b .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uf5820ea36eaaffa1915ed1c3a271260b .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uf5820ea36eaaffa1915ed1c3a271260b .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uf5820ea36eaaffa1915ed1c3a271260b .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uf5820ea36eaaffa1915ed1c3a271260b:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uf5820ea36eaaffa1915ed1c3a271260b .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uf5820ea36eaaffa1915ed1c3a271260b .uf5820ea36eaaffa1915ed1c3a271260b-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uf5820ea36eaaffa1915ed1c3a271260b:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Things Fall Apart, by Chinua Achebe EssayHere he is telling the story of the British killing other races and enslaving other civilisations, treating them badly and in some cases sub-human. Science fiction is all about change, possibilities, and now, Wells is making a statement to his audience, what does it to take for our prejudice to end? Wells himself is trying to change the world, perceptions, just like science-fiction he trying to influence and foretell the future. The book is predominately told from the narrators point of view, recounting events in the 1st person, looking back on the invasion. This takes away something from the end, since we know the narrator clearly survives, as he is writing in the 1st person in the past in the first chapter If I knew then what I know now. He is retelling events which happened six years previously. However, since the narrator is not named, this adds accessibility with this story, making it easier to identify with him. So while the reader knows that he will survive in the end, we feel for him more strongly, yet the end suffers as it is less intense, but the events leading up to it are more powerful, as we feel a connection with this apparently omniscient, all knowing narrator.

Babinski Condition

Babinski Condition The significance of a positive Babinski finding in an adult trauma patient is that indicates a dysfunction within the central nervous system (CNS) of the patient. Specifically, the finding indicates that the problem within the CNS is at the pyramidal track.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Babinski Condition specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Thus, the medical personnel will have an overview of the problem area within the CNS without having to perform other tests especially when the medical practitioner is very sure of the finding. Besides, the medical personnel will be in a position to offer advice to the patient on the best strategies of copying up with this ailment (Singerman and Lee 2008). Positive Babinski in adults and older children is abnormal. Specifically, when the test indicate asymmetry finding, that is, when the Babinski symptom is detected on only one side of the patient, it is a clear indication of troubl e which can focused to the side of the Central Nervous System involved. Reflectively, positive Babinski may only be normal in small children since their CNS is not fully developed. Patient education The Babinski condition is characterized by weakness of the muscles, challenges in coordination and control of the muscles and irresponsiveness or abnormal responsiveness to touch. However, it has not been possible to put a figure on the number of human beings suffering from this condition. It has been shown that lack of pre-exposure to the condition could lead to extreme behavior habits and response to stimuli. This condition is not very frequent but may be causes by secondary disorders that occur in the brain or the nervous system. There is no single cause of this condition though it may be common among the children of less than one year old since their nervous system is not fully developed (Miller and Johnston 2005). In the normal occurrence, the Babinski condition will disappear among the minors after the age of one to two years. Causes of Babinski There is no specific cause of this condition. However, it is often occurs a result f disorders in the nervous system. These are some of the disorders which may lead to occurrence of the Babinski condition in adults; Brain injury or brain tumor Injury in the spinal cord The Lou Gehrig disease Multiple sclerosis Occurrence of meningitis Stroke Signs of the Babinski condition Loss of sensors in the affected foot or arm General weakness within the plantar flexion part Absence of the reflex in the ankle jerk Treatment of the Babinski condition The behavioral risk factors in relation to Babinski should be identified to combat the condition. The success of this intervention will require the involvement of experts, mainly social anthropologists, and social scientists. The patient should also be empowered in prevention measures, as well as have effective methods, put in place in order to control and prevent the condition. Those who undergo exposure programs should limit the time period between exposure and treatment.Advertising Looking for essay on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Although there is little treatment related to this ailment, a medical specialist may offer vital assessment and preventive advice to a patient. Basically, the main form of care is precaution to avoid injury. A patient should remain calm and live in an environment that does not promote occurrence of injuries (Purdy 2010). Besides, the patient can be treated for causal ailments such as brain tumor, stroke, meningitis, and nervous system defects. References Miller, T., Johnston, C. (2005). Should the Babinski sing be part of the routine neurologic examination? Neurology, 65(2), 1165-1168. Purdy, R.A. (2010). The most important neurologic reflex. American Journal of Medicine, 123(2), 793-795 Singerman, J., Lee, L. (2008). Consistency of the Ba binski reflex and its variants. European Journal of Neurology, 15(1), 960-964.

Groupon Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Groupon - Essay Example The company makes profit by retaining utmost half the money paid by customers for subscribing to coupons. For instance, a $50 message can be bought by an individual for only $25, if purchased through Groupon. Then the $25 would be split between the retailer and Groupon as per their initial terms of contract. Each day, the subscribers of Groupon receive daily deals from a variety of local businesses including spa, home paints, restaurant, and so on. From the above discussion it can be said that if the minimum number of subscribers does not sign up for daily offers, the subscribers are not given discounts. E-Marketing Analysis The e-marketing strategy of the company helped to grow its revenue in one year and become one of the fastest growing companies. According to the business model of the company, the users get to avail discounts only when certain number of subscribers signs up for a deal. Such a strategy adopted by the company helps the existing subscribers to spread the message to their family, friends, followers, and hence encourage others to follow the suit. This e-marketing strategy helps the company to introduce themselves to new potential customers (Chaffey, 2008, pp.336). The company’s marketing and promotion strategy enables subscribers to share their experience on social media. This helps the company to spread the daily deals reach out to as many customers as possible. The company also offers group deals which add value to daily deals package because a customer who has never used the products of Groupon gets to avail attractive discounts. The process spreads through referrals helping the company to spread products to larger segment. In addition, the company sends daily emails to their...The company also motivates its customers through social networking. The web design of the company’s portal uses a countdown timer clock and a tracker of number of deals signed by customers. Such interface helps the customers to spread the deals online to their friends and family. The company’s e-Business strategy also helps to reduce the cost of advertising and add value to the business by encouraging potential customers turn into repeat customers. The company also sends frequent emails to subscribers for daily deals and best offers. The company’s marketing and promotion strategy enables subscribers to share their experience on social media. This in turn motivates the subscribers to spread the daily deals reach out to as many customers as possible. Recommendation The e-marketing strategy of the company helped to grow its revenue in one year and become one of the fastest growing companies. According to the business model of the company, the users get to avail discounts only when certain number of subscribers signs up for a deal. Such interface helps the customers to spread the deals online to their friends and family. Recent studies have also shown that Groupon subscribers are favouring Groupon mobile applications over traditional desktop internet. The company should invest more in mobile commerce technology. It will help the company to reach younger generations more easily and also increase revenue.

Compare china main land economic and Taiwan Research Paper

Compare china main land economic and Taiwan - Research Paper Example venue had risen to $2278 while that of Mainland had remained a paltry $256.This broadening gap between the two economies had started attracting global attention. Taiwan mostly is considered to have embraced market capitalism whereas China is considered to be a predominantly socialistic country. However both nations have shown that they do not pursue a purely socialistic system or capitalistic system. They in actuality pursue a mixture of both kinds to various levels. Despite the fact that Taiwan pursues a system that is capitalistic ,the government still controls the finance and banking system and makes decisions on which industries it should support and protect. Conversely, China began out under firm socialism but over the years but has started to change so as to widen both domestic and foreign markets. One of the key bases for the disparities in growth between China and Taiwan was the distinctions in international trade. Thus industries that are high-exporting seem to lead to productivity that is faster than industries that are low-exporting. Firms that are owned by the state without any foreign assistance tend to be less productive than the ones that are privatized or joint-ventures having foreign direct investment (FDI). It wasn’t just a coincidence therefore that China for the earliest time ever matched Taiwan’s 8% GDP growth rate that it has had for years after opening up of its foreign markets, allowing the entry of FDI. One of the key stated merits of communism/socialism over capitalism is stability in growth over lengthy periods of time. Taiwan has however under capitalism displayed a more stabilized GDP growth of around 8% over the past 5 decades while China has exhibited unstable and negative GDP growth rate to a point where the government of China refused t o expose statistics officially anymore (Lijun, 2002). It wasn’t until recently when the Chinese government embraced advantages of capitalism that their economy eventually started to grow

Individual Newsletter Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Individual Newsletter - Essay Example We, as the current students who are taking this course are working hard so that we may success and strive in our lives. We are a dedicated class, who work together so as to achieve our individual dreams in our lives, individually and as a whole group (W. O 2012). In PR, one has to posses some qualities that are unique to this course (Ezine 2000)). In this newsletter I am setting out the ten essential qualities that successful self-employed PR person must posses, and qualities that PR students should nature in themselves. Since I started doing this course, I came to realize that Successful PR pros love what they do, and they know that, in this field, there is no working time because PR is not just a profession, but also a way of life, or lifestyle (Microsoft 2012). This newsletter is intended to enlighten employees and the wider University about PR students studying at the University, and the benefits of taking this course. It is going to reveal how influential PR is to the society at large (Grapevine 2012). For personal professionalism, I believe that it is imperative to differentiate between the core expectations your employer has for you from those that you have for yourself. I also comprehend and acknowledge the significance of personal professionalism in a workplace (Alliancetac 2010). I have always recognized the significance of having high self-expectations both professionally and personally (WPP 2009). Personal professionalism cannot be just a matter of common sense, but the ability to get to work on time, with a good attitude and to consistently meet the basic standards of adequate behavior. Personally, those are some of the qualities that I possess (Salsbury 2002). Other qualities I have that are imperative in PR are; excellent communicating and listening skills, organizational and psychological skills, searching and observing skills, and technological literacy.

An Analysis Of The Human Need Theory Politics Essay

An Analysis Of The Human Need Theory Politics Essay This statement has been adapted from Peace and Conflict: Journal of Peace Psychology Reducing Direct and Structural Violence: the Human Needs Theory by Daniel J Christie. Prof. Daniel J Christie is a Professor of Psychology at the Ohio State University. He is the former head and President of the Division of Peace Psychology of the American Psychology Association. He has served as President of Psychologists for social responsibility, and undertakes work on both local and international programs that enhance the educational and economic opportunities of minorities and Indigenous ethnic groups. The above mentioned statement has a profound and deep meaning and stresses on the importance of Human needs for the management of Peace in the society. I would like to agree with the authors statement and in my opinion, in order for peace to prevail in the community, society and the world; the basic human needs like security, identity, well-being and self-determination have to be satisfied. Human needs act as very deterrent force in the description of Human behaviour and in their communication with other beings in the society. Every human being irrespective of origin, race, colour, caste has individual needs that are of great significance to him/her and which he tries to fulfil and satisfy throughout his life through his actions and deeds. In this essay I am mainly going to deal with these needs which act as a driving force in every human beings life and how these needs affect conflict and its resolution management. I will also be looking at the importance of the Human Needs theory and criticism towards it, the role human needs play in Conflict formation, the birth of a conflict, its prevention and analysis. In my opinion, the infringement or denial of Human needs and wants leads to torment, agony and social deprivation which eventually leads to conflict. Significance of Human Needs Theory The Human needs theory is significant and important as it shows us how conflicts can be managed and resolved through the satisfaction of basic human needs. Human Needs can be defined as State of felt deprivation and necessity which have to satisfied. (Burton, 1990) Burton in his book Conflict: Resolution Provention states that the nature of human needs remain constant and find their air under the changing environment. An example for this is the Human need for safety, which remains constant and is only visible when there is a perceived threat towards it. Needs form an integral part of a human being and actions are directed towards the satisfaction of these needs. According to Daniel J Christie, Human Needs policy is critical of the policy of deterrence, which relies on the assumption that a would-be aggressor will refrain from committing violence against an opponent because of threat of retaliation (Christie, 1997). Human Needs theory is an alternate to the theory of power politics. Human needs theory lays stress on the satisfaction of needs essential for human beings, required for his survival, which when compromised act as a major source of conflict. An example in this regard is the ongoing Israel-Palestine conflict, which has been going on f or so long now. This conflict is centred towards the unsatisfied security and identity needs of the countries. The Palestinians are of the opinion that their identity, their land is being denied to them whereas the Israelis lack the sense of security because of the numerous killings and suicide attacks as their land is also unrecognised by its harbouring countries. Therefore, the only viable solution to this conflict is when the identity needs of the Palestinians and the security needs of the Israelis are addressed to and worked at. One of the main advantages about the Human Needs theory is its wide applicability and coverage. The Human Needs theory can be used in all the strata of community, for intergroup and intra-group disputes, and even conflicts which are international in nature. The Needs theory stresses on the source or the origin of the dispute and looks towards resolution by satisfying the needs of the parties involved. Another reason why the Human needs theory is treated as an asset is because it works towards uniting human beings, makes us understand how the other party feels when their needs are deprived and provides us with a platform to aid in Conflict Resolution and Management. Criticism towards the Human Needs Theory Even though the utility of the Human needs theory has been widely discussed, I would just like to bring to the readers attention that there are some fallacies and criticism regarding these theories. The most apparent and major criticism comes in the way Needs are identified. Is there any concrete or stable way of mapping or identifying Human needs? In a conflict situation it would be difficult to judge which needs of the parties have been unmet and not satisfied. Another major criticism this theory faces is regarding the prioritising of the interests. The question raised here is how some needs can be prioritised over others? For ex: How can we prioritise need for well being over the need for security? These are all important questions, to which the researchers have not been able to provide answers. Another censure to this theory is the fact that it is not practical that parties in conflict would sit down together and try to identify self and the others needs. These facts all suggest more research and work into the Human needs theory but there have been many real life cases, where the application of this theory, have bought successful results, and this makes the theory favourable to mediators and negotiators across the world. The Human Needs theory revolves around the satisfaction of Human Needs and so now, let us studies in detail what exactly a need is and how its deprivation can lead to conflict. Need- Fundamental Element of the Human Needs Theory Needs are defined as an integral part of the Human Being. Burton, J. (1990). Human Needs Theory. In J. Burton (Ed.), Conflict: Resolution and Provention It is defined as a state of felt deprivation which needs to be satisfied. It is something which is needed by Human beings to lead a healthy and secure life. Needs are different from wants as these are required by the human beings to lead their normal life. Needs are non-negotiable and irreplaceable whereas wants are desires which arise out of needs. For example: Need for food- Anything to satisfy hunger Want Tandoori Chicken for food. To make the concept of needs clear, let us have a look at Abraham Maslows Hierarchy of needs. The hierarchy of needs, as suggested by Maslow is a linear progression of needs which have to be satisfied by the Human being. Maslows Hierarchy of Needs (www.omafra.gov.on.ca) The above illustrated diagram is the pictorial representation of Abraham Maslows Hierarchy of needs. Maslows hierarchy of needs is illustrated using a pyramid. The lowest or the bottom most level of the pyramid consist of the basic survival essential needs such as need for water, food, shelter etc, whereas the more complex needs are placed at the top of the pyramid such as self actualization need for development, creativity. Maslow suggests that once the basic or the lower level needs of the pyramid are satisfied and met, the human being can move up to higher needs which are more complex in nature. Thus needs are non-negotiable and have o be met and satisfied. It is when these needs are not met, when conflict occurs and the Human Needs theory acts as a tool for mediators and negotiators to use the needs of the parties towards the resolution of conflict. Now, let us look back at the original statement made by the author. The author says that in order for peace to prevail or be created, at least the human needs of security, identity, well-being and self-determination have to be satisfied. Let us now look at these individual elements and study how they contribute towards the formation of a conflict, violence and eventually how peace can be attained through the attainment of these needs; Need for Security There has always existed an adverse relationship between the need for security conflict/violence. The need for security is a basic need for a human being which he experiences at all times and places irrespective of environment or situation. But, this need for security is not always apparently visible and it only comes into the open or the light when it is threatened or when fear is instilled. Thus, fear always acts as a prominent inhibitor of the security and safety needs of the Human being. As long as the human being does not feel safe or secure, there will be no peace prevailing over him, in his family and in the society. Thus, the feeling of security is of utmost importance and this need must be satisfied in order to maintain peace and harmony in the society. Now, let me illustrate with the help of an example the result of need for security not being met; Ex: The Serbian invasion into Bosnia (1996), Pakistan invading India (1971). Need for Identity The need for identity is very important and required in every human beings life. The need to distinguish oneself from others, be identified in a group, have a unique piece of resource or asset which no outsider has access to or can share with, all these are attributes resulting from the need for identity. The example I had mentioned before about the ongoing fiasco between the Palestinians and the Israelis is a result of unmet need for identity on the part of the Palestinian government and people. The Palestinians feel that by taking the land, the Israelis are trying to invade their identity and try to rob it off them. Ex: Israel- Palestinian Conflict. Need for Well-being The need for well-being refers to the needs which are to be met by the human being to ensure development and sustainable growth. These refer to the acquirement of materialistic and immaterialist resources which are required by the human being to attain self-growth and development. If these needs are not met, they can result in disturbances and eventually lead to a conflict. By well being the author refers to those people who live above the poverty line and are well to do. The need for well-being arises out of the basic needs and in order for the human being to lead a happy and healthy life; these needs have to be met. For Example: The Government of India issued a new relief package for the people in its population who were below the poverty line. The relief package ensures every family a house built of concrete and enough ration and resources to last them for every month. This plan was deployed by the former President of India, Dr. A.P.J Abdul Kalam and was a huge success as the government was successful in alleviating the condition of the impoverished section of the population to some extent. Need for Self-Determination The need for self-development is similar to a self-actualization role portrayed in the Maslows Hierarchy of needs. The need for self-development stresses on the need for providing equal opportunities to all human beings to improve the standards of their living. This level of need helps the human being to establish or estimate his potential and shows him how he can reach or attain that potential. This need when unmet can result in a dispute which can be intra-personal, interpersonal, Intra-group or intergroup conflicts and disputes. For Example: The Racism/Apartheid regime is a good example. The minority, that is the blacks, were not awarded the same facilities awarded to the whites which eventually led to their oppression, slavery, and this went on for many years before they attained the need for self-development through inspirational leaders like Dr. Martin Luther King, Nelson Mandela..Etc, who finally broke the apartheid regime. If the need for security, identity, well-being and self-determination are met, then conflict can be avoided and peace will prevail as the human being will not fell threatened or under pressure by any external force. Now that we have seen the how each individual element mentioned by the author contributes to the formation of conflict, Let us have a brief look at how conflicts are formed when these needs are not met or satisfied.. Formation of Conflicts/ Conflict Evolution Even though there are many steps in the formation of conflict, there are always some common factors which lead to the conflict or which are responsible for the conflict evolution. Mainly, conflicts are characterized by the emergence of aggressive positions and their eventual resolution and settlement through determining the underlying causes of the conflict and employing problem solving tactics (Jeong H.W, 2010). Unmet needs are one important source of conflict and they mostly lead to conflict evolution or conflict formation. Lack of feeling of security, identity, well-being and self-determination can result in misunderstandings between the parties and can eventually lead to conflict. The Human Needs theory provides parties with strategies to deal with conflicts and resolve them in a mutually peaceful manner without the use of violence or shed of blood. Prof. John Burton is renowned for his work with the theory of human needs. In Prof. Burtons view, the needs most salient to an understanding of the dynamics of destructive social conflicts are those for security, identity, recognition and personal development (John Burton: Deviance, Terrorism and war; the process of solving unsolved social and political problems, Oxford: Martin Robertson, 1979). Human Needs theory supports the integrative approach to conflict resolution and aims at a win-win solution for all the parties involved in the conflict. Conflicts are analysed by studying and identifying the needs of the parties involved in the conflict. The unmet or the unsatisfied needs which are contributing to the conflict are identified and using the integrative approach a negotiated settlement is sought after for all the parties in the dispute. This is one of the main advantages of the Human Needs Theory and this integrative approach is the undermining factor of this theories success towards conflict resolution and management, when compared to other conflict resolution theories. Dealing with a conflict using Human Needs Theory Now that we have seen how conflicts evolve when needs are unsatisfied or unmet, let us now approach the Human Needs Theory with a practical approach. I am going to demonstrate this with the help of an example. The example I have select is the ongoing tension and conflict between India and Pakistan over the Kashmir issue, which has been now going on for almost 6 decades. I will give a brief explanation about the conflict and then we will approach the conflict and map it using the Human Needs theory approach. India Pakistan- The Kashmir Issue refers to a territorial dispute over the state of Kashmir, a state in Northern India. The main parties involved in this issue are the nations of India, Pakistan and the people of the state of Kashmir. China is also a stakeholder in this issue but we will ignore it for the sake of simplicity of the exercise. India claims that the northern state of Kashmir is an integral part of India and approximately administers around 45% of the region which is constituted by most of the Kashmir valley, Jammu, Ladakh and the Siachen glacier. On the other hand, Pakistan claims that Kashmir should be a part of Pakistan and it holds around 37% of Kashmir including areas of Azad Kashmir, northern areas of Gilgit and Baltistan. The conflict is mainly between India and Pakistan with India claiming that Kashmir was, is and will always remain an integral part of India, whereas Pakistan refute this claim and maintain that Kashmir is a disputed territory whose fate must be decided by the people of Kashmir Many wars have been fought between the two nations, millions of lives have been lost to this conflict and a lot of blood has been she, with the conflict showing no signs of being resolved. This is the case and we will just try to map this case with the help of the Human needs theory. This is just a practical example and in no way should the result be assumed to be accurate. So, now let us try to approach this conflict using the Human Needs theory and let us examine the sources behind the conflict and look at ways possible for conflict resolution. In the Human Needs theory the essence is to identify the needs which have not been met and try to work on them. It is always better when dealing with such complex conflicts to deal with a single party at a time. The Indian Government doesnt want to let go of Kashmir as it feels that Kashmir has always been an integral part of India and should remain so. For the Indian government it is a need for identity which makes Kashmir so valuable for them, as Kashmir was once known as the gem of Northern India. There is also a need for security which the Indian Government is looking for because if Pakistan occupies the whole of Kashmir, the Pakistan militants can easily infiltrate into Indian land, which will be a cause for great concern. Whereas for Pakistan, they have always felt that they have got the raw end of the bargain after the partition in 1947, and it is their need for identity, well being and self-determination, which is driving them to occupy the whole of Kashmir. Thus Pakistan is looking to occupy the whole of Kashmir to make it a totally Muslim state under the control of its government, as the majority of the population in the state is of Muslims The major reason for the conflict is the lack of trust between the two parties because of the various wars that have been fought and the unhealthy tricks that have been employed by both the nations to gain the state of Kashmir. Now, that we have identified the major issues and the need deprivations relating to both the parties, let us put it in a table for better understanding and analysis. INDIA PAKISTAN Status/ Tactics to be employed Underlying Need Status/Tactics to be employed Underlying Need Integral part Identity, security, respect Want to own Kashmir fully Identity, Recognition, Autonomy Insurgency and Terrorism by Pakistan Security India not adhere to two-nation theory Recognition, Identity, consideration INDIA PAKISTAN Status/Tactics to be employed Underlying Need Status/Tactics to be employed Underlying Need Offer compromise Trust, peace, security Assist aid of United Nation Respect, trust, subsistence. Hold Peace talks Trust, Identity Reduce infiltration Security, Trust International Assistance Wellbeing, self-determination, respect Offer the whole of Kashmir in return for proposals Peace, trust, well being, security. Thus, we have managed to map to some extent using the Human Needs Theory the India-Pakistan conflict by identifying the needs which are relevant to the conflict and then formulating strategies to resolve these issues. The aim is to reach a win-win solution for both the parties in the conflict, as this is the essence of Human Needs theory. Solving the Conflict As said earlier, the key to Human needs theory is the identification of the needs that are unmet which would lead to the conflict. The Human Needs model states that in order for resolution both the parties must sit together and acknowledge each other and their views, opinions regarding the issue. This mode of acknowledging and stepping into the other partys shoe is called as Empathy. Empathy is essential in the process of conflict resolution and analysis. The major issue between the two nations is the lack of trust due to the number of wars and tactics that have been employed by the nations over the decades, and thus in order for the conflict to be resolved, trust building exercises are a must between the nations, and sitting together and empathising with each other is surely a start. Other examples of trust building exercises can include bringing troops back from tense areas and cooling the tense environment between the armed forces of the two nations. Human Needs Strategies aims at the integrative approach and tries to make the situation win-win for both the parties, thus any solution which encompasses the issues relating to both the nation shall be considered and eventually the conflict would cool down and be resolved. If all the needs of the parties are satisfied, then it is probable o find a win-win solution. Now we have seen the impact Human Needs theory makes on Conflict formation, analysis and finally resolution. Thus we can say that Human needs theory makes a profound impact and positive contribution to Conflict analysis. Conclusion The best thing about the Human Needs theory is that it would provide objective platform, transforming local political and cultural differences, making it relatively easier to understand the various sources of conflict and the whole process of conflict resolution. By focussing on the underlying issues and needs such as security, identity, well-being and self-determination, and their satisfaction, it becomes viable to attain the favourable win-win situation for all the parties involved in the conflict. Through this paper, I have tried to highlight in the importance of the Human needs theory and its contribution towards the process of conflict analysis, I have identified the various key fundamental elements of the human need theory and how their deprival can lead to conflict. We have also studied how conflicts are evolved and we have seen through the example of the India-Pakistan Conflict, how Human needs theory can be useful and significant in conflict analysis, management and resoluti on. Thus, to conclude I will agree once again with the authors statement that A just and sustainable peace will require, at a minimum, the equitable satisfaction of human needs for security, identity, well-being, and self-determination.

Essay on national service program

The National Service Program proposal by the US congress once heard will immediately pose a lot of questions. But many of those questions have been answered by the different corps that has been providing utmost help to those who need. Through the National Service Program, public schools would be able to provide the education every child needs, the quality of life improved by providing easy and fast access to public health, providing food to the hungry, shelter to the homeless, environment conservation and protection, care giving to the elders and being there when a community experiences such devastating calamites and disasters like hurricanes, flooding and such terror activities. Most of the time, people would be willing to extend their service, but sometimes they just don’t know where or how (McCain, 2001).With the proposal, almost every single American would be able to show their patriotism to the country. A lot of opportunities to serve others are present, and still many ar e not doing a thing. By providing means on where one could serve, that way, he or she would be able to determine what service could be provided according to his or her knowledge, skills and abilities. Serving the country is not just about joining the army and being involved in wars over Iraq, Vietnam and Afghanistan. Fortunately, a lot of different corps is available depending on the mode of service they provide.The corp can be a group that can provide measures in making a community safe from any kind of crime and terrorists activities. The program also extends its help to countries in overseas by providing means in solving challenges for the development of a nation. Talents and skills are shared in this program for those who want to improve and further develop their capacities(Marshall, 2007). The service programs could be the key for students entering the college in choosing the career path they would be taking. A study has shown that students in high school that were engaged in a community service are more likely to finish college compared to those who have not joined such activity. Also, improvement in their reading skills, mathematics and science is evident(Roscow, 2007).Having a national service program instead of a voluntary or selective program will result into a lot of inevitable issues regarding freedom. Making or compelling the citizens to work for two years will greatly affect their lives. A family man working hard to raise his family would not have two years to serve others. He would of course be putting his family first before others. Or course the government cannot satisfy or at least provide the necessities that a family needs if their provider is gone and doing national service, would they?Two years of public service is too much, considering the fact that it would be full time. Another issue that would be raised is how the government would compel millions of citizens to do national service. Would there be laws that would prosecute a person if he or she did not perform the necessary tasks he or she is into? If so, would it not violate the rights and freedom of the general public? A lot of issues are needed to be considered before passing the proposal especially those ones that concerns the rights and freedom of every American citizen.The government alone cannot rely on the workforce is has. It needs more than it could have in providing services. As every American individual obtain the ever ending rights, entitlements and freedom, obligation to the nation lacks. And some don’t even know what really is their responsibility and obligation to their country. John Kennedy once told the country about not asking what a nation or a country do for them but it’s about doing something for the country (Healy, 2007). With the National Service Program, billion of hours of service could be provided in making a country far well-protected, stronger and a better place. It not only teaches patriotism but responsibility and comp assion as a whole. Not everyone could be called a hero like those that have saved lives or the war veterans in World War II, but by providing service to your fellow countrymen, you can be a their hero.Healy, A. L. Y. a. M. (2007). Citizenship means giving something back. THe Denver Post.Marshall, W. (2007). Ideas for national service that would benefit America. The Sacramento Bee.McCain, J. (2001). Putting the â€Å"National† in National Service [Electronic Version]. Washington Monthly. Retrieved July 1, 2007 from http://www.washingtonmonthly.com/features/2001/0110.mccain.html.Roscow, D. (2007). Academic Performance Enhanced By High School Civic Engagement. CIRCLE.

Is Corruption-Free Society: A Distant Dream?

Once chanakya had said that honey would be kept on your tongue and you would not be allowed to taste; it is impossible. Corruption is the misuse of public power for private profit. It involves those behaviours on the part of government officials, whether politicians or civil servants, where they improperly and unlawfully enrich themselves or those close to them, by the misuse of the public power entrusted to them. Corruption in any where is threat to every here as the saying one rotten apple spoils the barrel. Harshad Mehta, Sukhram, Tehelaka, Telgi cases are the great example of corruption in India.Literacy and corruption are interlinked. Most literates are more corrupted in most of the cases and the most illiterate are the victims of corruption. As in India most of the people are illiterate so they are becoming the easy victims of corruption. Every patriotic Indian realizes that if there is one factor that is keeping India under the spell of perpetual poverty and which makes the li fe of the common citizen miserable, it is corruption. A citizen faces corruption practically at every level and every sector of life.It could be the local rationing department, police, municipal authorities or educational institutions like schools and colleges. In the industry inspector-raj has become a code word for regular bribes collected by the public servants at the cutting edge of administration of the various departments of Central and State governments. Corruption is anti-national, anti-economic development and anti-poor. Nevertheless we have perhaps come to take corruption as a fact and a way of life. This may be partly due to sociological reasons and partly due to a sense of helplessness and defeatism.Corruption is harmful in three different ways: Rajiv Gandhi once observed that out of every rupee meant for the anti- poverty programmes, only 15 paise reached the beneficiary. Out of the 85 paise may be 40 paise can be accounted for as administrative overheads. The leakage o f the remaining 45 paise is definitely due to corruption. Corruption is, therefore, anti-poor. Corruption is also anti-economic development. Political interference, reduced attractiveness of service and declining morale has all combined to whittle away officials’ will to remain honest. The biggest cost is political.Petty corruption is especially endemic at the lower, clerical levels of administration — precisely the point at which the ordinary citizen comes into daily contact with officialdom. People are forced to pay bribes for securing virtually any service connected with the government, even that which is theirs by right and law. People naturally tend to judge the entire structure of government on the basis of direct experiences with the agents of government. It would be difficult to exaggerate the revulsion felt by ordinary Indians toward the ubiquitous and institutionalized venality of public life. Evil social practices also promote corruption.One major social cau se that promotes corruption is the dowry system. Every public servant wants to see that his daughter is married off well and there’s continuous pressure for having a substantial level of dowry. This may be one of the reasons why one comes across cases where even public servants who have otherwise led a clean life become vulnerable to corruption towards the end of their career. Dowry system is definitely one of the social roots of corruption in our country. Equally important is the social pressure in a competitive society for ensuring that children get the best possible education.Right from kindergarten in every educational institution, there is pressure of competition, and education has become commercialised. This has been further accentuated by government policies about affirmative action resulting in a great incentive for self-financing colleges who charge a lot of donation fee and most of it is collected in black. Education pressure and corruption in the education sector i s another social factor contributing to corruption in our system. One of the social roots of corruption in India can be traced to our Indian culture of tolerance. Equally important is another psychological factor.Power is never demonstrated in a society unless it is misused. In certain communities, being as corrupt as possible and amassing as much wealth as possible is seen as a macho demonstration of â€Å"competence†. If this is the attitude, those sectors of society that did not have an opportunity to share the power cake in the past may also rationalize that they must emulate those who had earlier enjoyed misuse of their power and amassed wealth by rampant corruption. Thus, a vicious cycle of corruption is launched where a society tolerates amassing of wealth and does not question how that wealth is accumulated.Is eliminating corruption a myth or reality? If we believe corruption can be eliminated, it can be; if not, it will remain a reality. So is it a distant dream or c an this dream be fulfilled is a billion dollar question. In conclusion, corruption in India exists because of the unsatisfied basic needs of the general population. Corruption in India cannot be eradicated by questioning ethical standards of its population. Removal of corruption can only be achieved by right macro-economic policies and by reducing government control. Honest political leadership is a must as a first step.Opening the economy for the investors around the world can provide the needed capital. Fresh ideas and entrepreneurial spirit has to replace the bureaucratic government control for a wealthier society. Supply of basic commodities has to be higher than the demand for general population not to bribe any government officials. Only skilled entrepreneurs hired by public shareholders can bring the money losing monster public sector to profitability. An efficient tax collection mechanism supported by computerised revenue reporting systems of individual businesses would be a step in the right direction.Qualified political leadership is required to understand and implement such policies. Most importantly, political will of the leaders will be required to take such actions. In Japan and South Korea, former prime ministers and children of presidents have been jailed for corruption. In India, not one senior politician of the many who have been implicated in scandals – and they are numerous – has so far been convicted. The labyrinthine legal system is used to frustrate the course of justice. Three-points can be suggested to check corruption. The first is simplification of rules and procedures.Corruption is like malaria, handled by giving medicine to those affected and simultaneously preventing the breeding of mosquitoes. Many of our rules and procedures breed corruption. Orders have, therefore, to be issued to check and simplify procedures. One example is a ban on post-tender negotiations in government purchases, except with the lowest bidder. Such negotiations are a flexible source of corruption. The second step is empowering the public and bringing in greater transparency. Every office should have a board stating, ‘Don’t pay bribes.If anybody asks for a bribe, you can complain to the CVO, CVC. ’ This way we can educate the public who come to every small office of the GOI and other organisations like banks and public sector undertakings that there is a way out if they do not want to pay bribes. The third step is strong punishment to those who are involves in corruption. Corruption is the greatest hindrance in the development of ever-developing nation. If we want to replace the â€Å"developing† tag from our beloved country by â€Å"developed†, we have to take stringent measures and stand against the parasite of corruption together

Essay on Burgundy Wine

Essay on Burgundy Wine Essay on Burgundy Wine Burgundy The Burgundy region lies a couple of hundred miles east and north of Bordeaux. It covers a large area, the vineyards running in a long, thin line from Auxerre in the north to Lyon in the south. The climate is continental, with cold winters, hot summers but plenty of rain. It is easiest to think of Burgundy in terms of its distinct regions. Running from north to south, these are: Chablis by far the most northerly of Burgundy's regions, known exclusively for dry white wines. The CÃ ´te de Nuits home of the great red Burgundies. Some white is produced too, but the reds are the region's glory. The CÃ ´te de Beaune known for both red and white wines, but the greatest white Burgundies (other than Chablis) are from here. The CÃ ´te Chalonnaise generally regarded as a lesser district. It still produces some extremely fine wines, both red and white. The MÃ ¢connais is the southern limit of Burgundy. Wines tend to be cheaper and made for drinking young but can be excellent value. Beaujolai s is quite a bit further south. Though not part of Burgundy, it is usually included when we talk about the region. The finest red and white wines of Burgundy set the standard for Pinot Noir and Chardonnay. At their best, Burgundy wines are the world's most aromatically complex, silky, and seductive wines, thanks to their ineffable combination of fruits, flowers, minerals, and earth, and their ability to project flavor authority without excess weight. But first-rate Burgundies are produced in limited quantities. Burgundy is

Industrial Revolution Essays

Industrial Revolution Essays Industrial Revolution Essay Industrial Revolution Essay The Industrial Revolution was a period from the 18th to the 19th century where major changes in agriculture, manufacturing and technology had a profound effect on the socioeconomic and cultural conditions of the world. The Industrial Revolution began in the United Kingdom as large deposits of coal and iron were found throughout the land which brought the rise of factories and machines, the idea then subsequently spread throughout the world. It was perhaps one of the greatest moments in human history, as it gave rise to industrialization and the switch from manpower to machine power. It completely revolutionized the world and forever changed the course of humanity. However, many scholars and historians believe that the Industrial Revolutions benefits didnt outweigh the negative impacts it brought upon the world. I for one believe that the benefits brought upon by the Industrial Revolution Justify the negative impacts it had on the world. Without the Industrial Revolution, the world as we know it wouldnt exist. The Industrial Revolution brought about immense economic benefits not only for Great Britain but for all the countries in the world who commenced the process of ndustrialization. It led to a rapid increase in technology, which affected production rates. Since factories were creating goods with machines and little human assistance, everything was being mass produced. Machines made it possible to produce a greater quantity of goods at a faster rate so to satisfy the rules of supply and demand, the prices of goods dropped and many people were able to afford to spend money. Throughout history many have said that imperialism was a bad consequence of the Industrial Revolution, but I believe it happened to boost economic benefits. The impact of this change on society was enormous. The first Industrial Revolution, which began in the 18th century, merged into the Second Industrial Revolution around 1850, when technological and economic progress gained momentum with the development of steam-powered ships, railways, and later in the 19th century with the internal combustion engine and electrical power generation. The period of time covered by the Industrial Revolution varies with different historians. Eric Hobsbawm held that it broke out in Britain in the 1780s and was not fully felt until the 1830s or 1840s, while T. S. Ashton held that it occurred roughly between 1760 and 1830. The Industrial Revolution that occurred in the 19th century was of great importance to the economic future of the United States. Three industrial developments led the way to industrialization in America. Transportation was expanded, electricity was harnessed, and improvements were made to industrial processes. The major difference was the very definition of rural and urban; rural life was based around farming and agriculture while urban was based in cities/towns. Another important difference was that life was much cleaner in the rural areas and rural people actually had a longer ife expectancy than urban ones; the cards later switched once the revolution focused on sanitizing. In urban areas, there are more resources given to the public. Where in rural areas, most people have to go into town to get their resources. Unless much quieter than urban areas because there arent as many people who live in them as people live in urban areas. Most rural slaves had to do hard farm labor, while urban slaves were usually domestics. Rural way of life disappeared mainly because there were more Jobs voluntarily available in the big cities thus, everyone was moving away to the cities. There were major developments and inventions in agriculture, manufacture, and travel that eventually spread throughout Europe and North America. Industry and manufacturing that was once all by hand could now be done by machine. It all started with the textile industry and spread to other products. Factories were built and steam powered machinery increased the manufacture. Enormous amounts of coal had to be burned to make enough steam to power the machines. Increased products meant that more goods needed to be transported, so canals were built, and roads and railways improved. Towards the middle of the 19th entury, steam-powered ships and railways meant progress got faster. Then later in the century, electricity and the development of the internal combustion engine increased the pace at which goods were manufactured and transported. There are plenty of reasons as to why people moved from rural areas to urban areas. Better Job opportunities and salary, and Jobs in rural areas usually require a lot of physical effort, whereas most Jobs in urban areas Just involve sitting behind a desk. People in urban areas are usually payed more than people in rural areas. Also, the luxuries of the urban world attract the people of rural areas. Most rural are agriculture based. An agriculturists needs are pretty simple. They revolve mostly around domestic needs only, whereas urban areas, everything revolves around technology that makes life easier. Large masses of people moving from rural to urban areas, causes an occurrence called, urbanization. Urbanization leads to overpopulation, pollution, and various other problems. Due to urbanization, the boundaries of the urban areas expand into the rural areas. This causes forced urbanization, as people who live in the rural areas are forced into the urban area and the ways of the urban people. Lastly, the standards of living and the standards of education are higher in urban areas. This may also be one of the reasons why people move from urban to rural areas. The effects of all this rapid change on society were enormous. More and more people left the land and went to towns and cities to work in factories. The growth of the towns couldnt keep up with the number of people pouring into them, and so housing was hard to get and people lived in slums in appalling circumstances. The differences between rural to urban life were significant, and we should be very appreciative of what we have now and the history behind it.

Ethics and Corruption in Law Eforcement Research Paper

Ethics and Corruption in Law Eforcement - Research Paper Example According to a 1998 report by the General Accounting Office, â€Å"...several studies and investigations of drug-related police corruption found on-duty police officers engaged in serious criminal activities, such as conducting unconstitutional searches and seizures; stealing money and/or drugs from drug dealers; selling stolen drugs; protecting drug operations; providing false testimony; and submitting false crime reports† (General Accounting Office, 1998: 8). Of those law-enforcement officials convicted of various corruption offenses resulting from FBI led investigations between 1993 and 1997, about half were for drug-related offenses. More than 100 drug-related cases involving police officers are prosecuted nationwide every year. Another of the indications of the widespread problem of corrupt cops is that all of the federal drug enforcement agencies have had at least one of its agents implicated in a drug-related offense. Officers nationwide have given in to the same tempta tions offered by the selling of drugs that have lured their criminal adversaries. This discussion examines the scope of the problem citing specific examples and the possible criminological reasons behind this behavior. The growth of police corruption instances involving drug sales is relatively easy to explain. The financial rewards offered by the sales of illegal drugs in relation to other forms of income both legal and illegal, is enormous. The temptation attracts law enforcement officials who are becoming increasingly more discouraged by the growing proliferation of drug traffickers. Though police agencies of all descriptions have fought the 30-plus year ‘drug war’ by spending billions of dollars and locking up millions of people, their efforts have not only not ended drug use or sales but drugs are now more available, cheaper and purer than ever before. Disheartened police officers involved in stopping drug crimes put their lives in jeopardy but are under-paid and u nder-appreciated by an indifferent public. Many officers joined the force to protect and serve but find them regulating an illegal drug market that they know they will never suppress. As long as the U.S. government continues it’s disastrous ‘war,’ formerly well-intentioned cops will continue to be lured by the money to be had by engaging in the drug trade they are expected to prevent. They risk their lives for a war which has no end and they know this fact better than anyone. Fighting a losing battle discourages even the most loyal and honest of law officials and some use this to justify becoming involved in a drug cartel. It’s easy money, they are being underpaid for dangerous work and their efforts are futile. In 2002, 41 police officers in Tijuana, Mexico were arrested (Peet, 2004). These officers, who included the Chief of Police, were on the payroll of drug dealers. They protected drug shipments, took bribes and committed murders. The allegations agai nst these police officers is hardly an isolated incident in Mexico as most of the towns located along the border of the U.S. are controlled and ‘policed’ by drug cartels (Peet, 2004). Any country that wages a war on drugs faces corruption among its police officers, politicians,

489 assignment 8 #1 Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

489 8 #1 - Assignment Example Metacognition is fundamentally being aware, as well as being in a position to understand your own thinking process. This is why it is my preferred learning strategy, as it provides a learner the opportunity to explore the spectrum of understanding the different perspectives and perceptions of an idea by having an opportunity to critique his/her own thinking, as well as that of others. This method has the capability to facilitate efficient acquisition, storage, as well as expression of technical information and skills (Fisher & Wells, 2009). Another major reason why I believe I would learn better using this strategy is that it is friendly, especially to people with memory problems. The ability to think about one’s own thinking process gives them an opportunity to retrieve the important information they learnt from memory. Learning using this strategy also facilitates independence from teacher support. This way, I can be in the best position to learn, with, or without the direct help of the teacher. I believe that the best learning strategy is one that facilitates a continuous learning process, even where there is minimal support from