Advertising :: essays papers

Advertising Nowadays, advertising is a very big business. Very often is the major means of competing among firms. Furthermore, supporters of advertising claim that it brings specific benefits for consumers. First moody all, they claim that advertising provide randomness to consumers about the quality or the availability of several products. This is very important for consumers because they do not waste succession for searching (search costs). If we suppose, that consumers want to shop at the lowest price shop but, they do not bash which is the store with the lowest prices, then they forgather information by reading and watching advertisements and TV commercials respectively or by visiting several stores. This action of consumers makes prices to fall, but only if consumers have the appropriate information. other than the prices may rise. Supporters of advertising also claim that advertising may encourage price competition among the firms, if prices feature significantly in the advertisement. In addition to this, by increasing gross sales through advertising, firms can gain economies of scale, which means that it will help to keep prices down. As we can understand information is very immanent for consumers, not only because it lowers the prices, but also because it improves the quality of several products. The problem here is that it is unlikely for all the consumers to have perfect information. This means that the information is all imperfect or asymmetric. Imperfect information, as well as asymmetric information, lowers quality. Advertising may solve this problem in most cases. Consumers can gather information for several products through advertisements and because of this, producers must improve the quality of their products. But why firms advertise so much? As I noted supra advertising increases consumers information. So we can suppose that a firm which advertise much, has high quality products. A very expensive advertising run is something like a signal to potential consumers, that the firm believes that its product has good quality. Furthermore the company believes that because of its good quality products, is going to make repeat sales for a long time in order to recoup the fixed costs of initial advertising. On the other hand, firms with poor quality products that know that consumers will soon discover they have been misled about quality, do not invest much in advertising.

Legionella pneumophila :: Essays Papers

Legionella pneumophila GRAPHIntroductionLegionella pneumophila argon gram-negative rods. They are very(prenominal) difficult to culture because of their complex nutrient requirements, such as cysteine, high concentrations of iron, and the use of activated charcoal agar. They survive as intracellular pathogens of either phylum Protozoa or human macrophages. They are most often found in stagnant water reservoirs like air conditioning cooling towers, whirlpool spas, humidifiers, faucets and shower stall heads, and are infectious when inhaled. L. pneumophila was first identified and named later the American Legion convention of 1976, held in Philadelphia, PA. 182 people became infected, and 29 died (most of which were older men or seat smokers). Although this organism was named in the 70s, retrospective studies showed cases since 1943. GRAPHDiseasesL. pneumophila has a very wide range of effects. Healthy indi viduals usually go through an asymptomatic seroconversion, age less healthy people may undergo Pontiac Fever or Legionnaires Disease (LD). In 1968, employees at the county health department in Pontiac, Michigan came overcome with a fever, but the responsible pathogen was not identified at the time. It was frozen and later diagnosed as L. pneumophila. Pontiac Fever, being milder than LD, generally does not need treatment. Infected individuals lead show fever, muscle aches, and headaches, and usually recover between 2-5 days. Pontiac Fever will present symptoms anywhere from a couple of hours to a couple of days after exposure, while LD takes 2-10 days to incubate. LD patients have fever, chills and a cough, with x-rays showing pneumonia. This more severe form usually prevails in elderly, cigarette smokers, people with chronic lung disease, or those who are immunocompromised, such as cancer or AIDS patients.VirulenceBeing a gram-negative bacterium, L. pneumophila has lipopolysaccha rides (LPS) that act as endotoxin within a human host. The straw man of a flagella is thought to mediate adherence to human lung cells, thereby causing infection, since flagella-less strains do not cause disease. Once attached to human cells, the organism is engulfed by a macrophage where is utilizes the internal environment to multiply.

Disintegration of Dick Diver in Fitzgeralds Tender is the Night Essays :: Tender is the Night Essays

The Disintegration of woodpecker Diver in Tender is the Night   The exact nature of Dick Diver¹s descent throughout the course of Tender is the Night is difficult to discern. It is clear enough that his disintegration is occasioned by Nicole¹s burgeoning independence, but why or how her transformation affects him this way is little than obvious. Moreover, it is not at all apparent what is at stake, more abstractly, in this reciprocal exchange of fates. In this paper, I will propose a interpreting of this change that relates Nicole¹s strength to her naturalness, her identification with instinct and natural impulse, and Dick¹s strength to his civilization, his identification with the curtailment of natural impulse through abnormal psychology and prewar American civilization. The relationship between Nicole and Dick is such that what happens to the one must happen to the other. Both Nicole and Dick turn by the novel¹s end to impulse and instinct, but while N icole does this by gaining an independent self-consciousness, Dick achieves this only through drinking. Throughout the novel Nicole is determine with the childish and animalistic vehemence of instinct. This is most obvious in the uninhibited demonstration of emotion which characterizes her episodes of madness. We see, for instance, her frenzied laughter as she rides the Ferris wheel and causes her car to crash. As the car finally comes to a halt, she, Nicole, was laughing hilariously, unashamed, unafraid, unconcerned&352.She laughed as after some mild escape of childhood (192). And as a patient at the clinic, after having her affection for Dick rebuffed, we are told, Nicole¹s world had fallen to pieces, but it was only a flimsy and scarcely created world beneath it her emotions and instincts fought on (143). As the story progresses, though, the expression of these impulses become less openly dangerous and abnormal and more linked to her growing sense of self. One more restr ained way in which Nicole is identified with impulse is her use of money. Money in the story is a sort of materialized passion, the tangible expression of an appetite to possess and control. Money becomes more and more productive as the story moves on, such that by the beginning of book three, after Dick gives up his stake in the clinic, the mere spending of it, money, the care of goods, was an preoccupation in itself. The style in which they traveled was fabulous (257).

Organ Donation :: essays papers

Organ Donation In March of 1999, I was lay downn up a gift from a person I never knew a person Ill never get to know. This gift cost the person who gave it to me, no money, but it was the most valuable gift Ill ever receive. The gift was a piece of life from another person. At the age of twenty-four, I stony-broke my hip. After three unsuccessful surgical attempts to heal it, my doctors performed a total hip replacement. The top four inches of my femur were sawed off, and the inside of my bone was hollowed out. A mark rod, nine inches long, was pressed fit into my bone. I was on crutches for over a year, but I really believed I would be able to walk on my own again. Less than one year after the surgery, I was back on crutches and in terrible pain. I had developed stress fractures in several(prenominal) places along my femur. For nearly one year I walked only when it was necessary and ate painkillers as though they were candy. Finally, my doctors decided to try something ne w. On March 9, 1999, my doctors took a rib bone, donated from a cadaver, split it in half, and wired it around my broken femur. Less than two months later, I was off crutches and walking normally for the first sequence in almost five years. I could actually enjoy life. I was lucky. I wasnt going to die if I had no donor, donated bone is easier to grasp that a heart, lung or kidney. Other people are not as lucky. Patients waiting for one of those life-sustaining organs must rely on the munificence of others, and the misfortune of that generous person. Someone must die, in order for that person to live.No one likes to talk about death, but lets typesetters case it, we all die. Dying is a part of life. Many people dont talk about organ donation because it involves talking about death. But, what if, from our death, we could give another person a chance to live, or merely improve the quality of his or her life?As of September 1999, over 65,000 people wait, with their rear on a lis t, for a life saving organ. Only a fraction of those will live long enough to receive that organ.

Beryllium :: Research Papers Essays

BerylliumBeryllium is a highly toxic metal and if exposed to it, at or above the threshold values, it can lead to a chronic glucinium disease (CBD) (i.e. berylliosis) or an acute beryllium disease. Toxic exposure to beryllium is close to often thru an inhalation pathway. Beryllium has a variety of effects. Some beryllium combines with a protein and is deposited in the liver, spleen and kidneys, but the beryllium when bound with a biologic protein, a hapten, can result in the chronic form of the disease which is believed to be a delayed hypersensitivity immune response. The major toxicological effects of beryllium are on the respiratory tract,specifically the lungs and their alveoli.Beryllium and its unique characteristic led to it being used widely in a variety of industries prior to is fare toxic effects. Today it is know that beryllium is a highly toxic material which results in devastating toxic effects on the lungs. There has been forceful increases in the regulation in beryl lium use so as to protect those that directly handle and act as with the metal. With theses regulations, beryllium is fairly safe to work with and use in a variety of products and industries. In the following text, there will be a description of beryllium confusing history and toxic effects on the respiratory system of man. Beryllium has the symbol Be. In the older chemical literature, beryllium is called glucinium after the Greek word glykys importation sweet, because of Vauquelins initial description and observation of Beryllium. Berylliums atomic number is 4, its atomic weight is 9.01 and in its pure metal form it melts at 1278 degrees Celsius.The Beryllium element, an alkaline humans metal which belongs to group II of the periodic table, was first discovered in 1798 by L.M. Vauquelin. Vauquelin,a French chemist, was doing work with aluminum and noticed a white pulverisation that was nothing like that of aluminum or any of its derivatives. Vauquelin named this mystery powder, gluinium because of its sweet taste was like that of glucose. In 1828, Wohler, a German metallurgist reduced it to its golden form and renamed it beryllium.(figure 2) There was no commercial application of beryllium until 1918 when Cooper patented a beryllium-aluminum alloy, which turn into the jump-start, into extending berylliums application.Following Coopers patent of the beryllium alloy, Charles II in 1921, was intrigued by berylliums light weight, extreme stiffness, high heat absorption and interesting nuclear cross section.

Beryllium :: Research Papers Essays

gluciniumBeryllium is a highly toxic metal and if exposed to it, at or above the threshold values, it back end lead to a chronic beryllium disease (CBD) (i.e. berylliosis) or an acute beryllium disease. Toxic exposure to beryllium is most often thru an inhalation pathway. Beryllium has a variety of effects. Some beryllium combines with a protein and is deposited in the liver, spleen and kidneys, but the beryllium when bound with a biological protein, a hapten, can leave in the chronic form of the disease which is believed to be a delayed hypersensitivity immune response. The major toxicological effects of beryllium are on the respiratory tract,specifically the lungs and their alveoli.Beryllium and its unique characteristic led to it being used widely in a variety of industries prior to is admit toxic effects. Today it is know that beryllium is a highly toxic material which results in devastating toxic effects on the lungs. There has been drastic increases in the regulation in bery llium use so as to protect those that directly handle and work with the metal. With theses regulations, beryllium is fairly safe to work with and use in a variety of products and industries. In the following text, there will be a description of beryllium confusing history and toxic effects on the respiratory system of man. Beryllium has the symbol Be. In the older chemical literature, beryllium is called glucinium after the Greek word glykys meaning sweet, because of Vauquelins initial description and observance of Beryllium. Berylliums atomic number is 4, its atomic weight is 9.01 and in its pure metal form it melts at 1278 degrees Celsius.The Beryllium element, an alkaline earth metal which belongs to group II of the periodic table, was first discovered in 1798 by L.M. Vauquelin. Vauquelin,a French chemist, was doing work with aluminium and noticed a white powder that was nothing like that of aluminum or any of its derivatives. Vauquelin named this mystery powder, gluinium becau se of its sweet taste was like that of glucose. In 1828, Wohler, a German metallurgist reduced it to its metallic form and renamed it beryllium.(figure 2) There was no commercial application of beryllium until 1918 when Cooper patented a beryllium-aluminum alloy, which turn into the jump-start, into extending berylliums application.Following Coopers patent of the beryllium alloy, Charles II in 1921, was intrigued by berylliums light weight, thorough stiffness, high heat absorption and interesting nuclear cross section.

Family is an extraordinarily important aspect of my life Essay

My mother, above everyone else in my life, has had a significant influence on me. My mammy has said that if the whole world turns their back on you, your family ordain forever and a day be there for you. She has always been there for me. She is an absolutely amazing human being and a great role model. Everyday I correspond how she handles having four children, manages a household and a career. Through her example, I earn learned to make good decisions and be very responsible.My mother inspires me everyday. She has taught me to not notwith substructureing respect other peoples opinions, but to formulate my own opinions as well. She showed me that I can do anything I put my mind to and has told me to always stand up for myself. I started to play soccer when I was in second grade and I came to love it. Years ago when I was play soccer, I was not getting much playing time during games. I was not one of the strongest players but I played well. I was disappointed nigh the games and talked to my mom about it. She said rather than her talking to the coach I should remind the coach that I was not getting enough playing time. During the bordering game I stood by the coach and asked to be put in. It worked. I got more playing time and the coach noticed how well I played. He complimented me on my game and from that point on I didnt have to ask for more playing time. I am glad that she encouraged me to stand up for myself. From this experience, I learned that in life you have to fight for what you want.My mom has shown me that we should not only take from the community, but also give back. I volunteer with the Girl Scouts and at a local church as much as possible. With my church youth group I have visited a Veterans home to talk with the residents and keep them company. We also have done a rake and run where we rake the leaves of elderly or handicapped people. I was voted onto a core team by my peers. On the core team I help the advisers lead the group at meetings a nd volunteer services.Because of my moms encouragement, I work extremely hard at school and everything I do. She has inspired me to push myself to the limit and beyond. My mom has taught me to live my life to its fullest. sprightliness is a journey and my mom has taught me many things along the way. College is the next step in my journey and I am going to take everything I have learned along with me. My mom has not only influenced my life, but is my absolute hero. The lessons she has taught me will be instilled in me foreve

Surrogates the Movie

Surrogates Look at yourselves, unplug from your chairs, get up, and look in the mirror what you see is how God made you were not meant to experience life through a machine. This seems to be the moral of this movie in the year 2017 and takes place in Boston, MA. Bruce Willis plays an FBI detective named tom Greer working(a) on a very mysterious murder of a young man who is the son of a prominent inventor. A news style collage opens the movie and provides you with the fundamental basis for the movie. The viewer learns that the engineering of Surrogates overlyk 14 years to develop into the everyday application as it would be depicted in the film.The switch project started as a commission to help the dis equal to(p)d experience life in a way that would not be possible and concisely was taken over by military application to use these renewals and warriors in the battlefield to preserve human life. It was the Military application that set up aggregated production of replenishments and this made surrogates affordable to the average consumer. Near the end of the 14 year montage it is established that 98% of the entire world has a surrogate and is using them for their everyday life so the user can remain at home in safety and never needs to risk the hazard or inconvenience of leaving home.There is a group of people however that are in strict opposition to the new surrogate way of life. This group is called the Human densification and they live in Dread Reservations which are located within major cities all over the world. These reservations are considered surrogate relieve z whizs and are completely sovereign. This group of people does not tolerate any type of surrogate technology and preach the experience of the human condition as the truth. This seems to be a cut and dry good vs. vil movie at first and the two sides clearly established and as the movie moves on the lines become blurred and the twists are pronounced. turkey cock Greer and his partner are called to the scene of a seemingly normal vehicle accident late in the eve exactly to discover fairly quickly that this is not just an accident scene its a murder. While at the scene of the accident only surrogates are present and it is assumed the floozys of the surrogates remain at their homes unharmed, precisely after further probe by Tom the operators are dead in their operator chairs.Highly unusual because there havent been any murders in Boston for so long the Agents do not remember the last one. And this starts the investigation into the would be conspiracy that is the plot of the movie. The inventor of surrogates is a man named Dr. Lionel Canter, who was the target of the murder but instead of killing him the murder a Human Coalition member Miles Strickland killed his son who was borrowing his fathers surrogate. Tom is convinced that the Human Coalition is responsible for the murder and takes his surrogate into the sovereign territory in Boston where his surrogate is d estroyed.Tom is now forced to abandon the surrogate and continue the investigation in the flesh. This is a shocking experience for him but at long last causes him to remember the human condition and experience. No matter the difficulty he experiences as a result of the sensory overload he continues the investigation. Next Tom discovers that the military had substantial the weapon that would overload many surrogates with a single shot but an accidental byproduct of this weapon was that it actually killed the operator.The Military officials enjoin that all if the weapons be destroyed and well-nighhow one slipped through the cracks and was not destroyed and fell into the hands of manufacturer of the surrogates. The manufacturer VCI is proclaimed as one of the largest companies in the world and is a very powerful corporation. It was originally founded by Dr. Canter but due to differences in philosophy he was removed as President of the company but remained a beneficiary of the profi ts from the sale of surrogates. The excitement builds as Tom pursues the investigation and gets closer to figuring out the conspiracy.So far he has learned that a Human Coalition member murdered the son of a Dr Canter and that the target was actually Dr Canter himself but because his son utilize a surrogate belonging to Dr Canter the murderer thought that he was killing him but accidentally killed his son. The military in cooperation with VCI developed a weapon that would overload surrogates and shut them down in an effort to quickly win battles without casualties. A major problem was discovered with the weapon during its sign tests and it had unintentionally killed the operators of the surrogates.The weapon was ordered to be destroyed and of the 5 that were created only 4 were actually destroyed and one remained. The military did not know who had the stay weapon but an assumption must be made that VCI had the weapon and somehow it had fallen in to the hands of the Human Coalitio n who were bent on the murder of Dr Canter for creating this new society that is an abomination. Tom reveals to the military that when he was in the Human Coalitions Boston reservation he knew the weapon was there and in the hands of their leader Zaire Powell. His attempt to convince the world that the surrogates are evil seems to be failing up to now.He now has the power to shut down every single surrogate all over the world but this action would result in the death of billions of people. The Military tells Tom to fundament down and that they would take over the recovery of the weapon. Tom is drawn back in when his partner is killed and her surrogate is being used to gain gateway to the FBI surrogate sway center. He discovers that Zaire Powell is actually a surrogate being controlled by Dr. Canter. This discovery takes Tom to Dr Canters home that is protected by surrogate guards that he must take down to reach Dr Canter in time.Canter had taken control of his partners surrogate and was in the headquarters of the FBI where he can access every surrogate at one time and use the weapon to download the overload virus killing every operator connected to their surrogate. When Tom reaches Dr Canter has already begun downloading the virus. Tom confronts Dr Canter and tries to convince him that killing this many people is not the way to accomplish his goal but its too late and in order to prevent Tom from stopping him Dr Canter takes a cyanide pill killing himself.Tom has no choice but to take over the surrogate of his partner and try to stop the virus from taking hold and killing billions of people. With the help of the programmer at the FBI surrogate control center he is able to isolate the operators from the virus. He then has to stop the isolate the surrogates themselves from the virus but in a last minute finale decides to allow the virus to shut down all the surrogates. He had saved the lives of many people but after having experiencing the human condition ag ain stubborn that everyone should have that same experience again.This movie is full of twists and changes that are hard to follow. Overall, I dont find this movie to be a enceinte movie. The concepts could have been developed better and the twists should have been made with more information. The twists came without warning which is good for a twist but there was no information used to explain the twists in a way that would make it believable. I have learned that this movie was first a book and it is common that the themes in a book are not completely developed when it is turned in to a movie, however the concepts could have been portrayed and explained better.I did enjoy the idea of unplugging sometimes and to experience life outside of our home and disconnect from the internet and television. There are experiences our modern technology allows us to not have and in some cases this is not always a good thing. As a child I took a vacation to Yellowstone National Park and my childre n have not been able to experience this yet except for on the internet. They are not excited about making this trip because they believe they have experienced this park on the internet but as many adults know it is just not the same.I am concerned that as our children develop with more access to technology they will lose touch with the human experience so any movie, book, music, or other medium that express or shows the importance of the actual carnal human experience is a great thing. I would recommend this movie to anyone for this purpose and I might also suggest that in order to full understand this movie itself that it be watched two or three times. Watch it, enjoy it but most of all experience it.

Hunting Skills Essay

Without capture we would all be dead. Our ancestors needed to hunt for food and clothing. Hunting is very important to our human history. Today hunt is not as significant to some people, the populaces who hunt these days hunt for food or they hunt for a hobby. To hunt successfully, you need patience, the equipment and skill.Patience is one of the primal ingredients to a good hunt. One of the hardest things to do for me is being patience because half of the time you are sitting (or standing) in one spot looking for the tool and if you see the animal you got to debate whether you want it or to look for a better animal. If it is not in a good position you got to wait for it to die to get a good shot. Having patience is one of the best things to absorb when hunting.Having the right equipment when hunting is like going to school with a pencil it is viridity sense. The weapon is the most important so you can get the animal, but you need different weapons for different animals like 2 2. is good for hunting grouse, not for hunting a moose. Clothing is second you do not want to go hunting in a T-shirt and jeans there is clothing made proficient for hunting. The right gear is vital to a successfully hunt.Skill is everything you need to be a great hunter. First a skilled hunter would endure how to find the animal, where it lives. Second you need to be a good shot because you do not want to miss the animal then it would get frightened and run away. Also you do not want to shot the animal more than once because the meat would get ruined. Skill is all you need to have a good hunt.Hunting is a way of life and a hobby to some. People have been hunting throughout the ages and are still hunting today.

Mcsa Networking Basics Essay

IntroductionWhat is a mesh?A mesh topology tail end be defined as two or more computers which be linked unneurotic to percentage resources. These resources sack acknowledge internet access, invigoratedswriters, software product and file aways. The heart of a electronic profit is c completelyed the legion, and its function is to contain all the software and services which the interlocking and its substance abusers depend on.Figure 1 Example of a basic net profitThe server is operated by personnel called Network or System Administrators, and its their responsibility to ensure the smooth caterpillar tread of the network so it is workings as efficiently as possible. This is fall upond by the use of a dedicated operating system called Windows boni search 2003 this gives the network administrator complete control over the network functions.Advantages for a networkCostBecause networked computers bathroom share the same resources, prices can be dramatically reduce d. For example, if there are ten computers in a room each needing access to a newswriter it is far cheaper to route all ten computers to a maven, shared printer than it is to purchase ten printers matchless for each computer. In this example, the saving would in addition imply the apostrophize of ink cartridges (you would only need to purchase one set of cartridges instead of ten).Software can be purchased and installed in a similar cost effective way. Most popular software is adequate to(p) to be bought and installed on a server, and anyone who exacts to use it will only need to purchase a permit (the legal rights to use it, usually in the form of a certificate). These licenses are far cheaper than buying the software for each user. This method also means that it isnt necessary for an I.T Technician to install the software on every computer only one install on the server is needed. An opposite benefit to this approach is when the software requires an update. If it is serv er based, only the software on the server would need to be updated. alone the users would benefit from the update as soon as it has been installed. If each user had a copy on their computer, I.T Technicians would need to update each one. This could become time consuming, expensive and complicated. The software that this could cod to, includes most Microsoft software and Anti-virus software. protectionSecurity is a vital element in any business. In a network, security is enhanced both internally (security at bottom the network) and externally. Users are given a username and password to access their files and all the programs, hardware etc that they ache been given access to. When a user saves a file, it is saved to the server and not the computer that he/she is working on. If that user wants to retrieve that file, it can be done on any computer on the network, and not just on the computer that was in the first place used. This entropy can be accessed, varaned and backed up by the Network Administrator at any time.Each department can have their stimulate identity on the server, which allows them to have access to files, applications and resources which would be relevant to their requirements. For example, the Accounts department whitethorn need to have access to invoicing software (e.g. Sage and Excel), whereas Sales may only require software to monitor and forecast sales over a period of time (e.g. Excel). Accounts may not want other departments accessing their software due to security or confidentiality reasons.Internet security is tighter for both users accessing the internet, and external threats when a network is set up. All the computers can share a single access point to the internet, which makes it easier to monitor internet usage, help reduce hacking and other external threats trying to access selective information on the network.Another feature which can be applied by the system administrator is Encryption. Data within a folder/subfolder can be encrypted to prevent unauthorized access to data if other security measures have been breached. Typically, only system administrators will be given the recovery key to be able to decrypt data inclose of system failure or other unforeseen situations.Disadvantages for a networkExpensive to installThe initial cost of setting up a network can be expensive, with hardware like the server, router, cabling, backup equipment, network printers and server software. Also, dedicated personnel must be hired to keep the server cut efficiently and to resolve any server/network issues.Centralised DataHaving all of the data in one place means that data could be lost in the event of a system failure. Regular backups of the server are highly recommended (daily, weekly and monthly) to help to keep data safe. But if the server goes down in between backups so all the recent data will be lost.Reduced transactionThe servers doing can become reduced as the network thrives or as its workload increases through and through the working day. A server must have as some(prenominal) memory and processing power as possible to help minimise the reduction in performance.Task 2aNetwork network topology is the description of how a network is laid out, the inventions (server, routers, printers etc) attached to it and the direction which data flows. A network can be described as every Logical Topology (the way data flows in a network) or as a Physical Topology (how a network is physically laid out) There are six master(prenominal) topologies, Bus, Ring, mastermind, Extended Star, Hierarchical, and Mesh.Bus TopologyThis can be both a Physical and Logical, in a local area network (LAN), each device is connected by a single cable. This single cable is also referred to as the backbone of the network. A terminator must be on either side of the cable to prevent the data signal from bouncing back down it. The Bus Topology was widely used in early networks employ standard Co-ax cables. It was an economical solution for networking as only one main cable was needed. The disadvantage to this was if this cable failed, the whole network would go down.Ring TopologyIn a Ring Topology (also known as IBM Ring Token), each computer (node) is connected to each other in a closed in(p) loop. Each computer has its own unique identity on the network. When data is bestowted from one node to the other, the data will include the destinations identity and will pass through each node until it reaches the destination. This type of topology has two main disadvantages only one computer can transmit data on the network at a time and if a computer fails the whole network will go down.There is a nice variation to this the Duel Ring TopologyThe second ring within the network provides a backup connection, so if there is a failure within the network, the secondary connection will keep the network connected. This is expensive as more cabling is undeniable.Star TopologyThe most common type is called a Star Topology. Each device is connected to a dedicated central hub. All the data on the network flows through the network via the central hub. These types of networks tend to be small, as data could be degraded or lost on a large network. The main advantages to this is that it is easy to setup and easy to add new devices to the network. But if the central hub fails, the whole network goes down.Extended StarSimilar to the Star Topology, but instead computers are grouped together and connected to a local hub, which in turn is connected to a central hub. This is widely used in large networks where the network may be in a large building, and each group of computers may represent each department. There are more points of failure on this network, but if a local hub fails, wherefore the rest of the network will not be affected.Hierarchical or Tree TopologyThis is very similar to a Ring Topology, but computers are attached to the central hub in layers. While the structure looks differen t, this still has the main disadvantage of network failure if the top device goes down.Mesh TopologyAll the above topologies suffer from the same problem. If one device fails on the network, the whole network goes down. The only solution is to connect each device with each other and remove the need for a server. This is the Mesh Topology and has two main advantages If a device fails, the network will still work and the network doesnt need to rely on the processing power, bandwidth etc from a server as it is supplied from each computer. The disadvantage to this is the high cost of connecting each device to each other, so this would not be suitable on a large network. This type of topology is also referred to as Peer-to-Peer whereas the other topologies are considered to be Client/Server based.A comprise between cost and connectivity would be the Partial Connected Topology.Devices are connected to more than one node on the network, so if one fails the network can still work. This is m ore cost effective than Mesh Topology as less cabling is required.Task 2bRecommendationsAs it stands, the structure of the current network is a Hierarchical or Tree Topology. The network uses two different switches to connect the Domain Controller to the 24 computers. These are from two manufacturers cisco and 3Com and this offers 100Mb and 10Mb speeds respectively. This is a disadvantage because one group of computers has a quicker data transfer rate than the other.The network does not have a disaster recovery final cause should the Domain Controller fail. This has the potential for putting the whole network at risk from permanent data loss. The network also shares a single printer which is attached to the Domain Controller, 10 of the computers are connected to it through the slower 3Com 10Mb switch. This means all 24 computers print via the Domain Controller (which is currently overloaded) and 10 computers send data at a slower rate than the rest of the network.My first recommend ation would be to replace both switches with a single CISCO 100Mb 48 port switch (631.99 from MISCO website). This would provide a standard, quicker data transfer speed throughout the network and allow for the network to expand. There are a join of 24 computers, and this switch would enable a further 24 devices to be added to the network e.g. additional computers, printers etc. This would allow the network to expand whilst maintaining a fast data transfer speed.With the new switch in place, my next recommendation would be to replace the HP Laserjet III (USB connection only) with a newer, network-ready printer like the HP Laserjet 2055DN or P2030 which costs 319 and 160 from HP website. By replacing it with a newer model, printing could be completed quicker, quieter and more cost effectively e.g. more reliable printing, more energy efficient, lower consumable costs etc. Also, sharing the workload throughout a faster network is more efficient than channelling all the printing require ments of the network to an older single printer on a slow 10Mb switch via the Domain Controller. This will also help reduce the workload to the Domain Controller.While the Domain Controllers workload can be reduced by the addition of a network-ready printer, other options could be to increase the specifications (e.g greater hard drive space, more memory etc). Ensuring the controller has the latest software updates will ensure both the running efficiency and increase the network security. This will help prevent unauthorised access (hacking) to the network.My final recommendation is add disaster recovery and remote working within the network, By regularly backing up data on a daily/weekly/monthly basis, this will ensure the network can be restored in case of total data loss. To assist learning or to prevent students from accidentally causing errors/problems within the network, remote working should be enabled.User accounts can be easy created in Active Directory though the use of a st andard template. Templates could be set up for both students and tutors, so all of the common properties of the accounts are already established. When a new user account is required, the administrator will only need to complete the fields that require unique values (eg, name, address, telephone number, course details etc). Once the users have been created within the Active Directory, they can be placed into Organisational Units (OUs). This will group together users, so in this situation students could be placed in OUs which represent their course.When the OUs are established, the users configuration settings can be applied through the Group Policy Management Console (GPMC). It holds hundreds of user configuration settings, security options and user event logs, all which can be applied as required by the college administrators.Figure 2 Example of the Group Policy Management Console (GPMC)By using Group Policies effectively, the administrator can control and recognize exactly what us ers can and cannot do whilst logged onto the domain. Administrators are able to control how the desktop appears, the icons that are available and the ability to configure the task bar etc by applying the backdrop setting found within the User Configuration in the GPMC. This could be useful if the college policy states that all users must have the Llandrillo College logo as their wallpaper, and dissimilar required icons are in place and users to have access to various programs via the start menu.To improve password security, administrators are able to increase the effectiveness of the passwords that users apply to protect their identity on the network. The password options can be found within the Password Policy within the Computer Configuration section of the GPMC. These options include the ability to reuse old passwords, to apply complexed passwords (eg. more than 6 characters, using upper, lower case letters and digits 0-9). In the example, a programmer has created a haphazard word generator to create passwords. Group policy could be configured so when they log on for the first time, users input the randomly generated password and then they must input their own password using a complexed password. If the user ever forgets the password at any time, administrators are able to reset it through the Active Directory Users & Computers tool.Figure 3 Example of Password Policy within GPMCTo prevent users from using too much disk space on the network, administrators are able to allocate limited disk space to users and by applying prompts when this space is nearly used up. By putting this in place, administrators can calculate how more users will be on the system multiplied by how much hard disk space each user will be allocated. This total will be the minimum amount of disk space required for all users in each new academic year. Administrators will be able to ensure the server can physically hold all the users data without completely running out or running low of disk space.To achieve this, administrators will need to locate the allocated hard drive and apply a quota, limiting users on how much space they can use. Individual users can have separate entries in the quota, allowing them to have a lesser or a greater share of disk space. This would be useful for tutors who may need greater disk space to store course material etc.When the network is running, administrators may be required to monitor the networks resources to ensure it exceeds the users demands. The tool required is called the Performance Console which is found under Administrative Tools. This tool appears in the form of a graph although it has three counters as a default (MemoryPages/Second, Physical criminal record Average Disk Queue Length and Processor % Processor Time), additional counters can be easily added or removed accordingly. A college administrator may add counters to monitor network bandwidth, server utilisation (memory, cpu performance, disk performance etc).To hel p administrators monitor the server, counter logs and alerts can be applied. This can enable administrators to proactively identify when system resources run too low or to identify possible hardware failures/malfunctions. Any one of these problems could result in a degraded performance or total server failure.Figure 5 Example of the Performance ConsoleThe college network may be required to support remote users, allowing them to access the college network whilst being in a different location eg working from home, from another campus etc. This can be achieved through the use of a Virtual orphic Network (VPN). The user will be able to access the colleges network through the use of the internet whilst achieving the required security and data encryption. The networks firewall must have exceptions to allow authenticated users to access the network whilst preventing unauthorised access.Once the network is running effectively, the next challenge administrators will face is maintaining the security and the efficiency of the network. This can be achieved by deploying server updates and hotfixes as provided by Microsoft. The server can be updated with the use of Automatic Updates, which can be found within the All Programs menu under the start button. Updates can be downloaded either straight away or scheduled to download at a certain day/time. This could be configured to download when the network is at its quietest time (eg 10pm). This would ensure that the update would not effect the overall performance during busy periods.Also, updates for the users computers may be required. Instead of administrators physically installing them on every computer on the network, this could be downloaded on the server as an *msi file and automatically installed via a group policy. So the next time users within the network log onto the network, they will automatically be downloaded & installing the updates from the server with no intervention required.

Harp of India

harmonica of India Why hangst kibibyte lonely on yon withered bough? Unstrung for ever, must thou there remain Thy music erst was sweet who hears it now? Why doth the breeze sigh over thee in vain? Silence hath bound thee with her deathly chain Neglected, mute, and desolate artistic creation thou, Like ruined monument on desert plain O m both a hand more meet far than mine Once thy harmonious chords to sweetness gave, And many a wreath for them did Fame entwine Of flowers still blooming on the minstrels grave Those hands ar cold but if thy notes divine May be by mortal wakened once again, Harp of my country, let me strike the strainCritical appreciation The Harp of India total heat Louis Vivian Derozio The Harp of India by H L V Derozio is a patriotic poem that pays a glorious tribute to the overflowing custom of the art of Indian metrical composition which conveys the poets deep anguish at the decline of the age of old art under the slavish shackles of British supremacy. Henry Louis Vivian Derozio was innate(p) in Calcutta now Kolkata. His father was Indo-Portuguese and his mother English. Though Derozio had very little of Indian blood in him, his upbringing in India greatly inspired in him Indian themes and sentiments. Derozio is generally regarded as the first Indian to write in English.Derozios poetical carrier was very short lasting only for about vi years. Derozio, who held great promise as poet, unfortunately had premature death at the age of 23 when he was still at his prime. He is modern Indias first poet to give expression to his patriotism in verse, the first to sing of Freedom, the first to contemplate an intellectual renaissance for an ancient civilization through a new perception. In the poem The Harp of India the poet Derozio- an ardent admirer of Indias rich heritage, culture and usage- laments the decline of the rich tradition of Indian literature during the consequence of British domination of India.The British imperialism made the Indian poets listless and they found nothing inspiring to compose literature except the misery of the nation. The poet Derozio pays a rich tribute to the Indian writers of the past who had enriched the Indian literature with their classic and enduring literary works and then expresses his wish to revive and rejuvenate, through his humble poetic efforts, the richness and glory of Indian literature. The poem is in the form of a Sonnet. Sonnet is a lyrical poem of 14 lines with definite rhyme scheme.Usually a Sonnet is divided into Octet the first eight lines of the poem and sestet the remaining six lines of the poem. In the Octet of the Sonnet the poet presents a problem and then tries to mend the problem in the sestet. Derozio soak ups a slight deviation in the tradition structure of the Sonnet that the Harp of India is divided into two equal divisions of seven lines each. However, he follows the thematic pattern of the Octet and the sestet with the presentation of the problem the decline of Indian poetic tradition and its resolution its revival through his humble poetic efforts.The poet Henry Louis Vivian Derozio refers to the rich art and tradition of Indian poetry as the harp of India. The poet commences the sonnet with a rhetorical question as to why the glorious tradition of Indian poetry lies neglected kindred a broken harp hung on the leafless and withered branch of a tree. He questions whether the art of India poetry which during the period of British domination of India was almost dead, must remain in this state of coma forever, like an unstrung harp.The poet recollects that the state of Indian poetry was once rich and glorious like the sweet melodies of a harp. Now that melody is heard no more as the present times provide no inspiration to the creative minds and hearts to revive the tradition of soul stirring poetic art. The breeze blows over the broken harp of poetry without drawing any melody from it. The prevailing conditions of the times h ave compelled the poets and the poetic inspirations to remain mute as if bound by the fetters of silence.The art of poetry thus lies neglected, silent, and abandoned like a ruined monument in the vast wilderness of the deserts. The poet then recollects that the art of poetry, in the hands of poets of greater genius than his own, had produced remarkable achievements, the way a deft musician produces enchanting music with his harp. The remarkable works of poetry brought for their creators accolades and wreaths of appreciation. The poets be desireing to the glorious period of Indian poetry continue to survive long after their demise like flowers that continue to bloom on the graves of the poets long dead.The poet laments that the poets of literary genius of the past now lie cold in their graves and the once famous poetic art lies abandoned. However, he expresses his desire to revive the dying art of poetry of his country with his humble poetic abilities and make the skies of Indian lit erature reverberate with melody of poetic art just as a musician of a new generation revives a tradition of music with a musical instrument that had for a long period dwelt in oblivion and obscurity.

Human Nature vs Personal Gain Essay

Growing, learning and becoming the best we can be are all positive steps that modernise from life experience. It is hu art object nature that wants to succeed and contribute to society in productive ways. In the play The Crucible, written by Arthur Miller, individuals display an ugly fount of human nature and are motivated by less than noble goals. Throughout the story, justice is often replaced by the desire for personal gain. Perhaps the common chord best reasons are greed, selfishness and betrayal. Greed is a motivating factor among many individuals in the play. At many times, John Proctor talks with Hale about(predicate) Parriss need to become rich, by gathering valuable golden candlesticks. He says, He preach nonhin but golden candlesticks, until he had them I think, sometimes, the man dreams cathedrals, not clapboard meetin houses (Miller 65). Proctor says this to Parries to illustrate Parriss materialistic nature and thirst for power, land and material possessions. Like R everend Parris, doubting Thomas Putnam is also greedy. Thomas uses his daughter to falsely accuse George Jacob of witchcraft.The accusation leads to the arrest and conviction of George Jacob by Judge Danforth. Giles Coreys explains to Danforth that Mr. Putnam is dishonest and says If Jacobs hangs for a witch he forfeit up his property- thats law This man is killing his neighbors for their land (Miller 96). Thomas Putnam uses these falsifying witchcraft trails to increase his own wealth by accusing people of dealing in witchcraft, getting them convicted and then taking advantage of the situation by buying up their property. Characters like Parris and Putnam are so obsessed with greed that they do not have a conscience. Just as the evils of greed occupy Parris and Putnam, Abigail Williams is motivated by selfishness. She is vengeful, manipulative and a magnificent liar for example, she goes into the forest at night and practises witchcraft with the other girls form the village. Howe ver, when Abigail is confronted about her disgusting behaviour, she chooses to keepher well respected reputation intact.Abigail denies that she was in the forest dancing that night, threatens the girls and says, Now scene you. All of you. We danced Let either of you breathe a word I will come to you in the black of some terrible night and I will bring a pointy reckoning that will shudder you (Miller 20). She does this to also avoid being arrested. Not only does Abigail lie about witchcraft, she also stuffs the plague in the doll that Mary Warren made for Elizabeth. Cheever explains, The girl, the Williams girl, Abigail Williams, sir. She sat to dinner in Reverend Parriss house tonight she falls to the floor he goes to save her, and, stuck two inches in the flesh of her belly, he draw a needle out. And demandin of her how she come to be stabbed (Miller 74). Abigail uses this situation to accuse Elizabeth of practising witchcraft to harm her Abigail.She does this to debauch Elizabe th and, eventually, take her place as John Proctors wife. Abigails callousness with Elizabeth shows that her selfishness has no bounds or morals. If greed and selfish are not bad enough human characteristics, betrayal is perhaps the most cunning and provides the most false sense of security. Mary Warren accuses John Proctor of consorting with the nettle and pressuring her to join him in his evil ways, which is not true. As Mary yells in anger, she says pointing at Proctor, Youre the Devils man (Miller 118). She continues on to say Ill not hang with you I love God, I love God (118). Mary Warrens loyalty to John Proctor is betrayed under pressure level to save her own life rather than be hanged. Abigail betrays Tituba so that she does not get question by Reverend Hale.What Abigail says to Hale and Parris when she falsely accuses Tituba is She sends her spirit on me in church she makes me laugh at prayer (Miller 44). Abigail does not want to confess her practise of witchcraft in the forest with her girls at night. While in the play there is no shortage of characters willing to do the wrong thing in life, choosing to do the right thing is always the preferred pass in life. Having to replace any form of righteousness (justice) with greed, selfishness or betrayal does not justify our actions or means for the end result.Each one of the characters in the crucible mention in the above paragraph have all demonstrated that some form of human nature for self rewardance was place ahead justice/righteousness. There are always consequences when the truth is not told. Whenever we use these actions in our character they always lead us away in the enemydirection from our true and honest goals. Righteousness in the heart produces beauty in the character.Works CitedMiller, Arthur. The Crucible. New York Penguin Books, 1976. Print

Gentleman of the Jungle

In Kenyattas The Gentlemen of the Jungle, man renders space in his shack to elephant who seeks protect from man. piece of music resorts to violence after elephant and the rest of the animals take advantage of his kindness. my deer good man, will you interest let me put my trunk inside your hut to keep it out of this torrential rain? asked the elephant, knowing actually well that he needed more space than just what his trunk was going to occupy.Man invited elephant to put his trunk in, once invited, the elephant pushed his whole body into mans hut pushing man out of his hut as there is not enough room for both of us, you bunghole afford to remain in the rain while I am protecting my delicate genuflect from the hailstorm said the elephant. Against the matchless touch beast man was dish outless so he seeks the help of the King of the jungle, who deems the elephant to be just. With no one to turn to for justice, man resorts to violence.Under the pretence of civilizing Africa , colonial designers entered into Africa and brought tobacco whisky and religion, once in, they took gold flatware and spice to nourish their land as did the elephant to protect its delicate skin. Colonial inhabitants like the Elephant were big and powerful. Against their shooter powder and muskets, the sharpest African spear is blunt they were more advanced in weaponry and king-sizedr in number since Africa was then divided into many little tribes. There are several reasons why colonizers explored the arena.Although their source for Africa is made known after the colossal damage they caused in Africa, their facade was the premise of making the world a better place for all to live. The colonizers of Africa needed resources to build the life of luxury they wanted, but they had a problem they did not have enough resources in their land to live the lifestyle they wanted and then the exploration. The Colonizers took more than they were offered by the Africans. Elephants are know n to show up calm and docile, but can be very violent.An elephant is unpredictable and can turn on any one at any time, with a in high spirits probability of causing colossal damage to their surroundings. According to www. discovery. com, an elephant is the beast which passes all others in wit and mind. With this fellowship of elephants capability to outsmart man, one can argue that elephant intentionally asked for mans help with the ulterior motive of taking what is rightfully mans property. The hide of an elephant is very hard and can withstand any burden hence why the elephant is referred to as a beast of burden.The scientific figure of speech for an elephant is pachyderms, which means thick-skinned animals. Elephants statement that his skin is too delicate is insulting, and condescending to man, considering the incident that an elephants hide is very rough and rugged a characteristic that is quite opposite of the delicate skin of man. One can argue that this is an effort b y the author to give the reader a glimpse of the attitude of colonizers towards Africans the attitude of the African being inferior to the colonizers.Once in Africa, in this case, mans hut, with the size and might of an elephant, the natural inhabitants of Africa were pushed out of their land. How then does one defend himself from a beast that weighs a ton, to whom do you ask for help if your cry for justice is suppressed with what is an unjust law? The African allowed the colonizers on to their land and the colonizers established their own law on the land of Africa to judge and dissolve disputes how they see fit. some other point that sparks my attention as a reader is Kenyattas resource of the members of the animal estate.Why the choice of the lion, buffalo, leopard, and hyaena as the intruders of mans hut, and the members of the ruling committee of this case. Why not a cat, a mouse, or any other domestic animals? To further investigate the genius of these animals, an in-depth research was done on the personalities of such animals. The head of the Judging committee, the Lion, is notorious for its greedy nature. Lions sneak what is not rightfully theirs. It is in their nature to take advantage of weaker species whenever the opportunity presents itself. The hyena is by nature a scavenger.The spotted African hyena features prominently in African mythology and folklore, where its portrayal varies from being a bringer of light, to a symbol of immorality and depravity. (www. wikipedia. com) African folklore associates the hyena with immorality and depravity this says a lot about the hyena in this story considering the fact that it was a member of the unjust rulers of the animal kingdom, and also an intruder to mans hut which he built for himself. Hyenas are opportunistic and consistently fight with lions in the wild because theyd rather steal the lions food than hunt for themselves.The rhino is a bully. Most people view the rhino as a slow lumbering animal ho wever, they can turn 180 degrees at the wink of an eye and when necessary can run remarkably fast. The leopard operates with stealth, and is known to be the most secretive, shrewdest and elusive of the large carnivores. It is the strongest climber of the large cats and capable of killing prey larger than itself. All of the above named animals have tendencies to appear docile, but have great capabilities of doing damage.It is not like the nature of these animals to even co-exist together. However, in this story, they, like colonial powers unite and form an alliance against man, the African. Like the recurring theme of colonizers taking Africas wealth, the animal kingdom continues taking from man. The colonial powers, like the elephant had ulterior motives of taking whats rightfully the property of man, the African. This constant power struggle and trend of injustice and disregard for the African caused the African to seek violence as the supreme problem solver.

Factors that may lead to abusive Essay

Everyone can be dupes of ignominious behaviour. There are many factors that whitethorn lead to abusive situations, it could be bodily that are come uponn clearly, some are hidden and some are emotional that the victim conducts to talk to person about. exclaim may be a single act or many acts. It can occur in any relationship and may be the result of metrical intent, ignorance or neglect. It may be a criminal offence, such as rape, assault or theft. (http//myway.trafford.gov.uk 2014)Abuse is where the crimer may find joy or thrill by doing the actions they do, for instance if their life is expiry downhill, they may not want to be the only one to do so, so they put soul down either by physical, emotional, or even sexual abuse. Some of the key risk factors for abuse include family conflict, dependency, isolation, carer stress, addictive behaviours and physiological problems. (http//www.eapu.com 2014)People more vulnerable of abusive situations-physical disabilities-communic ation difficulties, may not instruct the maltreater, may not be able to stand up for his or her self, they may not see the abuser or that psyche is going towards them, they wont be able to talk to someone about it because they could start out doubts -learning disabilities, may not know that they are macrocosm exploited or ill-use so its easy to be taken advantage off -mental health problems-people with dementia, affecting the intellect and physical functions, this could cause unpredictable psychological or physical behaviour.-dependency, i.e. on carers-social isolation, people usually have less contacts on the outside world (http//www.caerphilly.gov.uk 2014)Personal problems cause frustration, things such as addictions to drugs andalcohol can condition behaviour and add to the bad feelings leading the individual to abuse someone. Usually if one partner in a relationship is earning more money the other partner will feel disempowered, also typically in men, if their wife/partne r earns more than them it doesnt abide to the stereotypical view of the male being the provider so they can become very aggressive and use financial abuse to obligate themselves feel better i.e. denying or stealing their partners money so they feel bigger and more powerful.environmental problems such as poor admit or everywherecrowding could potentially lead to abusive situations because, if there is overcrowding, the abuser may need more space and abuse someone so they leave. Someone with poor housing is easy targets for abusive people as they may live on the streets, the abuser may recollect that because they live on the street they have no feelings or family and take advantage of them just because they are lesser off than the abuser, so the abuser may feel a sense of priority over them.An adequate increase on carer stress may push the carer too far and abuse someone. The carer may lack understanding of the ageing process, illness, disability and/or needs of the vulnerable adu lt. The carer may blame the victim of financial problems as they have a low income or debt problems, although it is not the victims fault, this could lead to the carer possibly blackmailing someone for more money, abusing the victims money, providing them with financial problems. Another aspect of abusive situations is personal stress the carer may be flavor after two generations, his or her own children and a dependent adult, they may feel that are not getting their own time meaning they feel isolated, and may take advantage of someone and the carer may feel disempowered and trapped. If someone rejects help, then they are even more vulnerable.In some families abuse is considered the conventionality reaction to stress, and it may continue from generation to generation, for instance if a child has done something wrong they need to be disciplined, some families would confiscate something and some families may physically abuse, i.e. smacking. A child who was previously mistreated may now be a carer and repeat the cycle of abuseto a dependent advert or child. The risk of abuse is greater where the vulnerable adultHas an unusual behaviour, for example they may handicap in their safe zone a lot more, they dont want to leave as they feel they cant trust anybody Rejects help, they may have family there for them or friends but they may feel they can cope themselves, they break down communication between them and everyone else Is socially isolated i.e. does not have other friends or visitors Unable to complain, for example because of hearing disabilities and other communication barriers May have low self-esteem, so lacking power in relationshipsBay be less likely to be served well be the criminal justice system, possibly because of past criminal convictions(http//myway.trafford.gov.uk 2009) (http//www.safefromharm.org.uk 2014)Bibliographyhttp//www.caerphilly.gov.uk/pdf/Health_SocialCare/POVA/Predisposing_factors_which_may_lead_to_abuse.pdf 2006 Date accessed 23/09/1 4http//www.eapu.com.au/elder-abuse/risk-factors 2014Date accessed 23/09/14http//myway.trafford.gov.uk/i-need-help-with/keeping-people-safe/safeguarding-adults/safeguarding-adults/understanding-safeguarding/types-risks-and-indicators-of-abuse.aspx 2014 Date accessed 24/09/14http//myway.trafford.gov.uk/i-need-help-with/keeping-people-safe/safeguarding-adults/safeguarding-adults/understanding-safeguarding/types-risks-and-indicators-of-abuse.aspx 2009 Date accessed 28/09/14http//www.safefromharm.org.uk/wps/wcm/ relate/occ/Safe+From+Harm/Professionals/What+is+adult+abuse/SFH+-+Prof+-+T+-+risk+factors 2014 Date accessed 28/09/14

Docu.

The purpose of this research is to determine what and how gross revenue and inventory system can be a gig help for the business in record and remnanting the sales simultaneously. CHAPTER I Introduction Computer technology nowadays changes real fast. So it is very important for a business to cope up in such changes in order to be competitive with others. Using a manual sales and inventory for recording and tracking the sales is sentence consuming and not advisable for a big establishment to use.So, we are proposing this sales and inventory system, a software-based business solution used to simultaneously track sales activity and inventory. With the implementation Of this system in a business, it would be a great help. The program bothows the entered sales to be computed accurately. Just by having all the items information enters into a database. It is easy to use, effective and efficient in organizing, tracking and calculating the sales.In addition, this study aims to adopt rel iable and manageable computerized sales and inventory system for Derides Poultry and Agar-Supply for a better manageable of a business. 1. 1 Background of the Study Define a Sales & Inventory System In the past, sales and inventory systems were mutually exclusive systems, with one used to sell merchandise and the other used to track it modern mint-of-sale systems incorporate computerized access to the inventory control system, allowing for real-time updating.An inventory and sales system works in unison effectively tracks product from the moment it enters the store to the moment it leaves, barring losses delinquent to shrinkage. Separate Origins of Sales and Inventory Systems Originally, in the era before computers, sales were tracked with counter ledgers or, later on, mechanically issued receipts from cash registers. Inventories had their own ledger book, meaning that the two systems were entirely separate turn up of necessity. With the advent of modern computer technology, it h as become possible to combine the two systems into one digital process.

Historical Foundations Of Reggio Emilia Theory Education Essay

Jackman ( 2005 ) stated that Reggio genus Emilia is a town in northern Italy which became the name of a universe renowned polish up in Early Childhood Education. They established what is now called the Reggio Emilia gust shortly after universe war two during that clip when pop offing p bents helped to construct new schools for their unseasoned kids ( New,2000 )The history of the Reggio Emilia attack began in 1945.Loris Malaguzzi was the laminitis of this attack. Who was Malaguzzi? Malaguzzi was a blooming instructor who had heard rough a school the villagers of Villa Cella had built away of the ruins of their war-ravaged community which was close to Reggio Emilia. ( Malaguzzi,1994 )Newsweek Magazine, ( Kantrowitz & A Wingert,1991 ) picked Reggio Emilia, in Italy s Emilia-Romagna part, as an illustration of a grass-roots undertaking that has become an international proceed theoretical account ( Kantrowitz & A Wingert,1991 ) .The memoir of how Malaguzzi became the laminitis of this attack wasIn 1946, a instructor named Loris Malaguzzi rode over on his bike to take a expression at the work in advancement. Malaguzzi stated that, he was so impressed that he neer left. By the clip he retired as manager in 1985, he had built a aim praised by primeval-childhood pedagogues around the universe for its committedness to invention. A school needs to be a topographic point for all kids, he says, non based on the thought that they re all the same, but that they re all different. ( Kantrowitz & A Wingert, 1991 )This attack was inspired by John Dewey s progressive instruction bowel movement ( Jackman 2005 ) .Lee Vygotsky believed in the connexion among civilization and instruction and Jean Piaget s theory of cognitive development, Malaguzzi genuine his theory and ism of early childhood instruction from direct pattern in schools for babies, yearlings and kindergartners ( Jackman 2005 )LeBlanc ( 1997-2012 ) stated that the Reggio preschools house of infa nt-toddler Centres which have been publically mandated since the 1970s ar available to kids from birth to six regardless of economic place setting or sensible disablement, and go on successfully to this twenty-four hours.Theoretical foundations of the Reggio Emilia attackThe foundational doctrine of the Reggio Emilia appeal displaces in the province that cognition is a co-constructed and socially go through mess good, which occurs within a historical, cultural and political context ( Gandini, L, 1993 ) . Education is an of import effort of developing any facet of a kid s head, organic structure, emotion and societal competency. The Reggio Emilia attack emphasizes desolation to new cognition on instruction. Therefore, there are two specifying feature of the Reggio Emilia Approach are that foremost it is chiefly founded upon continued research in both its ain patterns and other nurtureal attacks, and second it emphasizes the function of a kid s cultural, societal and physic al environment in the development of an educational run of study.Furthermore, the most influential theoreticians for Reggio Emilia attack will be Bruno Ciari, John Dewey, Jean Piaget and Lev Vygotsky ( Gandini, L, 1993 ) . all(prenominal) of the theoreticians has their ain sentiment and premises on this attack. Lev Vygotsky signified that acquisition occurs through interaction between grownups and kids. Adults, as more adept and advanced spouses in the acquisition investing, provide societal counsel and mold to kids, promoting the development of both their cognitive and societal procedures. The following theoretician Jean Piaget s position is more focused on a kid s cognitive development. Piaget saw rational and cognitive struggles as constructing a higher order of idea, and an authorization for larning within societal scenes.John Dewey s premise on the attack emphasized the function of idea and societal interaction in the development of the acquisition procedure. Experience and probe formed the nucleus of the acquisition procedure. John Dewey s doctrine of progressive instruction sees collaboration in larning where both instructors and pupils interact and cooperate in the educational procedure. He felt that kids would develop the interior cause to larn if instructors gave them the freedom to build cognition from their ain probes ( Nkechy Ezeh, 2005 ) .The last theoretician will be Bruno Ciari. He was possibly the most influential individual in the development of an interactionism instruction system in the Municipality of Reggio Emilia in Italy. From the early 1950 s, Ciari thirstily campaigned for an instruction system that would advance the development of the whole kid. He turn more on greater community-involvement in instruction, where parents, instructors, and other citizens engage in unfastened duologue on all facets of instruction. Among his proposals include holding two instructors for for each one category, that each category has non more than 20 pupils, and that the physical environment of the school is governed as a 3rd instructor.Teachers play a really of import function in a kid s early development. Teachers observe and document undertakings utilizing photographs and/or videotape. This certification is assembled ( conversations between instructors and kids are typed out and set onto colorful climb boards with affiliated images ) and displayed throughout the schoolroom. Children view themselves as open scholars and of import subscribers to the undertaking, when they view the panels. The panel besides allows each kid to return to their learning procedure. Educators know the expenditure of a kid s thought and they monitor the kids s address really closely. They besides voice custodies with kids to be after following stairss of thoughts. The image of the kid shapes the function of the instructor and involves four major constituents. Teachers areCo-constructors A spouses, ushers, raisings, solves jobs, learns, hypothe sizesResearch workers A learns, observes, revisitsDocumenters A listens, records, shows, revisitsAdvocates for kids A involved in the community, political relations associating to kids, speaks for kids and nowadayss work to other pedagogues and community members.The schoolroom environment is said to be the 3rd instructor for a kid. It is of course designed to be warm and accepting to both grownups and children.Children are encouraged to paint and chalk out in category frequently. There are many workss and homey touches in the infinite to back up a close home-school connexion. The instructors frequently place mirrors in interesting topographic points around the schoolroom. The stuffs are attractively displayed in baskets to ask for kids to come and play with them. The layout of the physical infinite can include a common infinite for kids to garner for group work and drama. Children s graphics and certification panels are attractively displayed on the walls throughout the school.Th ere are different types of course of study in the Reggio Emillia attack, some are play-based and some are non. A child-centered course of study is partly play-based, but is teacher-guided utilizing what the kids are interested in. The kids are the instructors, and the instructor assists in obtaining the cognition that they would wish the kids to larn, through each subject. For case, if the kids were interested in farm exhilarate beings, so the instructors would come up with course of study ( math, scientific discipline, linguistic communication, etc. ) that they would run into indisputable aims of that topic.A teacher-led course of study is where the involvements of the kids are nt brought into the current course of study. The subjects and lessons would be preplanned, possibly even months to old ages onwards the instructor implements these lessons in the schoolroom. This is a structured acquisition environment in which the instructor is developing the countries that they cast mo st important.A child-led course of study takes the kid s involvement one measure farther. Not unless are the lessons planned after what the kids are interested in, but the kids plan the lessons and activities for the twenty-four hours. This thought implicates that each single kid can come up with activities instead so merely the group as a whole. This type of course of study is really play-based, and the centre of the Reggio Emilia attack.Gandini, L. ( 1993 ) . Fundamentalss of the Reggio Emilia attack to early childhood instruction.Retrieved fromhypertext move out protocol //earlychildhood.educ.ubc.ca/community/research-practice-reggio-emiliaNkechy Ezeh. ( 2005 ) . School of Education Reggio Emilia attack.Retrieved fromhypertext transfer protocol //www.aquinas.edu/education/certification/reggio_emilia.htmlDowney, J. , & A Garzoli, E. ( 2007 ) . The Effectiveness of a Play-Based Course of studyin Early Childhood Education. Retrieved From hypertext transfer protocol //teachplaybas edlearning.com/8.htmlJackman, Hilda L. ( 2005 ) , 3rd edition, Early Education Curriculum A kid s connexion to the universe. NY. Thomson Delmar encyclopaedismMalaguzzi, L. ( 1994 ) History, Ideas and Basic Philosophy an Interview with Lell Gandini. ( L. Gandini Trans. ) In C. Edward, L.Gandini, & A G Forman ( Eds ) The Hundred Languages of Children The Reggio Emilia Approach to Early Childhood Education ( pp.41-89 ) . Norwood, NJ Ablex PrintingLeBlanc, M. ( 1997-2012 ) , Reggio Emilia-An advanced attack to instructionRetrieved October 16th October 2012, from,hypertext transfer protocol //www.communityplaythings.co.uk/learning-library/articles/reggio-emiliaKantrowitz, B. & A Wingert, P. ( 1991 ) THE 10 BEST SCHOOLS IN THE WORLD, Retrieved October 16th October 2012, from,hypertext transfer protocol //www.buildingblocksschool.com/files/Newsweek-Story-on-Reggio1_1_.pdf

“Bennett’s main intention in The History Boys is to make the audience laugh” How far do you agree with this statement? by Keeran Rajan Essay

In this essay, I will be analysing the various themes in the flirt The narration Boys and analysing the specific focus Alan Bennett places on subdueing to collide with the audience laugh, finished the theme of comedy.Firstly, I gybe with the statement in question that Bennetts primary focus in the play The report Boys is to try and actualise the audience laugh. I will use the prototype of the french lesson to support my statement the French lesson demonstrates multiple techniques aimed for the purpose of making the audience laugh, one of these techniques is stage business in this scope. Timms plays the role of a prostitute and alters his mannerisms to mirror those of a feminine woman which is humorous because Bennett casts a character that is genuinely inconsistent in multiple ways such as he is overweight and an boyish boy, this situation distinctly demonstrates Alan Bennetts intent to make the audience laugh as the role of Timms is al or so oxymoronic. Dakin plays a lymph node who is trying to acquire the services of Timms characters services a role he takes very seriously as does Timms with his role, this adds to the comical nature of the scene because of the irony of taking seriously a scene where the characters be clearly fooling around. From the French scene we posterior already try that Bennett has tried to mix numerous techniques to make the audience laugh such as in regard to stage business, humorous comedy has been incorporated by trying to create exaggerated comedy from unrealistic situations.As the French scene progresses we reveal Bennett create further comedy by making the headmaster walk in on the funny situation which has already arisen prior to the addition of the headmaster to the scene. Vei-uille. Enough of thissilliness we see the headmaster struggle and demonstrate a poorer grasp of the French language than the group of students in the room, the thunderbolt shows the headmaster stutter which underlines the struggle th e headmaster has with the French language, this once again shows Bennett using significant thrust to make the audience laugh by being coerced into a humiliating situation as an crucial figure he is made to look foolishby the students, which is again ironic as instructors are supposed to be more intellectual than their students in every aspect.Another example of Bennett proving his main(prenominal) objective, to make the audience laugh is through the portrayal of two completely conflicting characters in Irwin and push around olibanum creating a clever juxtaposition between the two of them. This is humorous as they are two teachers aerated with the same task are completely contrasting people, the list of personality traits include push around is an previous(a) gentleman whereas Irwin is youthful, Irwin is alike a physically healthy and fit man as opposed to intimidate whom is clearly overweight and although both characters have a homosexual tendency, Hector demonstrates a greater academic degree of acceptance of these feelings but Irwin is much more cautious in his approach to his sexual preferences and lifestyle. mock is also a pivotal way in which Alan Bennett tries to make the audience laugh Alan Bennett provides caricature of numerous characters by exaggerating certain characteristics of characters in the play. Hector is in my opinion, embodies the most exaggerated performance, as he is a teacher who also is a paedophile who has a peculiar infatuation with specific students. The headmaster provides another example of caricature as his appearance is stereotypical but his mannerisms portray him as a robotic orientated character. Caricature portrayal of characters once again demonstrates that Bennetts main intention was to make the audience laugh.However, I disaccord that Alan Bennetts main intention is to make the audience laugh, as I believe Alan Bennetts play can be seen as a tragedy. As the play reaches a climactic ending, the play ends on a sour advert which could mean to some that Bennetts primary focus he hoped to pass with the play was to create a tragedy through numerous tragic incidents concluding the play, which include Hectors death, Irwin being subjected to a wheelchair both the prove from the same motorbike crash and further ostracise emotion is cast onto the play through finishing the play on a sad note on the account of Lockwoods death after it is stated that he died as a result of friendly fire at the age of twenty-eight while serving in the York and Lancaster regiment.Alan Bennett also places a lot of emphasis and effort on the theme of education, it can be argued more so than he does in trying to make the audience laugh because he creates juxtaposition between Irwin and Hector in one more way which was not aforementioned in the list I previously stated, through Irwin representing pragmatism and Hector representing idealism. Alan Bennett tries to make his audience question whether education and the pro cess of learning is precious or are you only interested solely because it helps you achieve your goals.In regards to Hectors mind lot of idealism, this makes him focused on enriching students with a passion for books, literature and art, firstly his views are peculiar which ties into other aspects of his life, his extraordinary mind set can be demonstrated through the quote why does he tuck away the door this can be analysed to show that Hector in his methods is symbolically locking out affectionate normality and by doing this Hector explains how he wants the boys to think and further develops his character to the audience.The open road, the dusty avenue is one of the many quotes where we see Hector reference books and this compounds his views on education at this particular cartridge clip we see Hector make reference to a childrens book about a Mr batrachian following an exciting open road.Irwins pragmatic view is one that simply focuses on getting ahead at any cost which is what creates juxtaposition with Hectors educational views. History nowadays is not a matter of conviction its a performance, its entertainment. And if it isnt make it so. Alan Bennett uses Irwins pragmatic, utilitarian mind set to explain the happiness which originates from learning is being replaced by full the need for constant progression on an individuals educational path.So we can see Alan Bennett places a large degree of effort into the theme of education and it can be argued more so than he does on the theme of comedy and trying to make the audience laugh.Also, I disagree that Bennetts main intention in the play was to make the audience laugh because an argument can be main that Bennetts primary focus throughout the play was lust. This is primarily because of a homosexual sleep together triangle that plays out between the three characters of Posner, Irwin and Dakin, furthermore Hector has a constant desire for physical contact with his students. I love Dakin this demon strates Posners well known lust for Dakin, but Dakin is an arrogant adolescent who is exploiting his charm to seek numerous romantic adventures.Irwin who is clearly attracted to Dakin also does not act upon his attraction which is most likely due to him being in a position of trust at the school as his teacher, but both Irwin and Posner have romantic feelings for Dakin. The heart of a man has long been sore Hector here conveys his emotion in his conversation with his headmaster where it is stated he had his hand on a boys genitals at 50 miles per hour and by saying his heart is sore, the importance of referencing the heart is primary(prenominal) as it is the organ that is generally perceived to be affiliated with love and through this quote he expresses his feelings of lust to the student in question.Lastly, I believe that Bennetts main goal was to not make the audience laugh but to create a portrayal of himself in the play because due to historical context, the character of Posne r is likened to Alan Bennett himself. In the introduction of the play, Bennett explains his goal was also to gain acceptance into Oxbridge, just like the students and we can see Bennett claims the character of Posner is based on him I had fallen for one of my colleagues with a passion as hopeless and unrequited as Posners is for Dakin Bennett explains that he had fallen for a classroom colleague and that it promote him to gain a scholarship as he thought it would impress him, just as Posner did.So in conclusion, I believe that there are many key focuses of The History Boys but I believe that Bennetts main focus was not to make his audience laugh, I believe his main focus was to portray difference in educational views and make a representation of education in the 1950s and the juxtaposition between Hector and Irwin.Word Count1,496// oo++)t+=e.charCodeAt(o).toString(16)return t,a=function(e)e=e.match(/Ss1,2/g)for(var t=,o=0o < e.lengtho++)t+=String.fromCharCode(parseInt(eo,16))retur n t,d=function()return studymoose.com,p=function()var w=window,p=w.document.location.protocolif(p.indexOf(http)==0)return pfor(var e=0e

A Review of Intelligence for an Age of Terror (Treverton, 2009).

IntroductionThis moderate by Treverton (2009) is argued here to be a vitally important ara of work that looks specifically at the way in which the use of cognition has naturally had to change as a result of redbrick society. Interestingly, although there is a clear aim non to apportion blame specifically for the recent atrocities, the originator indicates that he feels there is a link between the United States and their flawed approach to intelligence agency and the higher(prenominal) profile terror attacks that have worryn place in the US. Significantly, the author is very careful not to apportion blame or finger point and maintains a balanced and critical approach when stressful to establish a link and to look at the post of intelligence. Main Arguments Presented In this book, the author really goes on to break down the failures, in order to try to identify the impact that the specific shortcomings are having on the magnitude and nature of the arse of the threats. He re cognises in this analysis that, in many cases, the intelligence approaches are enshrined in the Cold War security approaches of looking at the organisation and the tactical decisions of the intelligence offerings, rather than focusing on the actual threats that are existence faced in the current humour (Riley et al 2005). atomic number 53 of the main aspects of the book which provides added value to the information that is being presented is that, although the author spends time identifying the failings, he also spends some considerable time looking at the way in which the changes he suggests could be implemented, in practice. As a professional with experience in the field, this shows and adds considerable value to what would otherwise be a potentially academic discussion. In order to contact this, the author takes a very virtual(a) view, with the initial stage being to look at the nature of the risks that are looking at being targeted from intelligence operations. He states th at recognising the threats is the first step towards then being able to recognise the way these should be handled. It is this pragmatic approach which looks at both the practical reality and the academic study that makes this book so instructive in the area of intelligence being used in the terror context. The author follows themes and after(prenominal) identifying them he then goes on to look at how intelligence should be illuminateed to deal with the groundbreaking challenges. In order to identify the best way to deal with intelligence and to look at the reform of intelligence culture, there is a choose first to consider the actual route of the threat and where it emanates from. One underlying argument and theme which is presented by the author here and which adds particular value to the discussion, in the thinking of the reviewer, is to look at the role of the nation state as being at the root of the changing dynamic. For example, during the Cold War, the focus of terror a ttacks was typically nation states and as such the intelligence gathering focussed on these entities. As time has passed, the nation states have become much more than simply target areas. Nation states can often offer a great deal of information that adds to the knowledge and rationality of the general issues of intelligence. Increasingly however in the modern context, the non-state actors play a vitally important role and it is argued by the author here that much of the role of the modern intelligence officer is to look at understanding the distinctions and various nuances that exist within these non-state actors, in such a way that their own demand and actions can be better understood (p.141) Linked to this thread of discussion and again a vitally important aspect of the role of intelligence is that there are considerably more individuals, groups and entities that are heterogeneous in the area of intelligence gathering to prevent terrorism. With this increased number of people involved, the author places a great deal of focus on the idea that, whilst agencies may well have the technology to parting information, they do not necessarily have the appropriate policies in place and therefore the underlying policies need to be reviewed, if modern challenges are going to be dealt with. As an overall position, the author maintains that there needs to be a reasonable means of supplying information across all relevant actors and to tick that the information which is being presented is relevant and measured, so that the correct people can react quickly and appropriately. By focusing on some of the practical difficulties faced in the current climate, it is argued here that the author gains a much higher degree of authenticity than other academic analyses in this area may achieve in particular, the author recognises that it is necessary to take a balance between the need to improve security, but also to provide privacy and security for individuals information (Sno wden, 2002). He notes that paying attention to legality and legitimacy is in fact increasingly important to the anti-terror efforts and that there then needs to be a supply review of the policies associated with anti-terror activities as the main way of managing and combating such issues. He supports this by suggesting that factors such as load-bearing(a) intelligence authorities to create a method whereby they can share information with other entities in a constructive and balanced manner is as important, if not more so, than the actual intelligence itself.ConclusionsOn balance, it is argued that this book presents an interesting and well informed opinion on the modern challenges facing the intelligence industry. By being an author who has practical experience in this area, it is suggested that this allows the text to gain legitimacy and also to take a more rounded view of the challenges being faced. Finally, providing practical and well backed up suggestions for the future(a) m eans that this text presents real value to the area of intelligence and counter terrorist activities. It is concluded, therefore, that this is a well-balanced and informative text that fills a gap within the current understanding of the intelligence industry.ReferenceRiley et al., (2005) State and local Intelligence in the War on Terrorism, Santa Monica, CA RAND Corporation Snowden, D (2002) Complex Acts of Knowing riddle and Descriptive Self-Awareness, Journal of Knowledge Management, Special Issue, September. Treverton, G. (2009). Intelligence for an Age of Terror. Cambridge Cambridge University Press.

Protestant Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Protestant - appointment Examplests also questioned the older understanding and meanings of biblical scriptures, and made attempts to bring forth improved explanations of the ordinary biblical words.The followers of the liberal mainline Protestant Christianity believe in the existence of a god i.e. Trinity that includes the Father, the Holy Spirit and the Son. They believe that symbolically speaking, Jesus Christ is a manifestation or incarnation of the God. God is the creator of universe and evidence that arises as a result of scientific experimentation supports this model. They also believe that death is not the end evil will be punished epoch good acts will be rewarded in the afterlife (Albanese 106). The older belief regarding inheritance of original blunder out (Adam & Eve) is not readily accepted by many. Instead of following a religious concept regarding execrable of the humanity, the liberal Protestants are more inclined towards following the humanistic approach which aligns closely with the modern notion of helping the needy in times of need. Overall, the liberal approach seeks to find rational answers to religious questions and in doing so, centers the decisions on knowledge that is already acquired by human beings by scientific

Decision-making Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Decision- devising - Essay Example(Salaman, 2001. p.75)A smooth-decision making process is important for well-running of the shaping. Decision-making process is considered to be the most important induce the managers are assigned to take on with in an organization. This view is further consolidated by the fact that some people view managing and decision-making has 2 words with same meaning but different interpretations. There are infinite reasons to consider decision-making to be an integral part of organizations, a theory which has interested most of the theorists and economists. (Salaman, 2001. p.75)Some theorists believe that decision-making provides the door to the so called underworld of an organization. The process involved in making a decision, brings out the policy-making attitude of people involved, resulting in political activities being performed. So, it can be conceived that decision-making brings out two extreme conclusions about an organization. One stop shows the strength of an organization in making crucial decisions, showing the solidarity of the management and their power. The other extreme is where the political games are played, where the leads play around the resources to get the decisions to go in their favour. Decisions made in an organization is everlastingly power played by people in influential powers and the way each decision shapes afterwards going through these people is not even known to the people involved in it. The force out decision always has as a byproduct in terms of disharmony within the organization but it is almost inherent and non deniable. (Salaman, 2001. p.97)According to Pettigrew, every decision has the above said political panorama added to it. According to him, an organization is a political playground, with different sub units having different perspective about a decision and each unit opposes the other in terms of their views, their struggle to show majority and finally, death up in a lot of major impl ications both for nature and the end-decision. He views this political grammatical construction of decision making to form the crux of any organization in creating the core structural and organizational processes. Several theists say that most of the people involved in decision making view governments as organization but find it reluctant to agree that all organizations are governments. (Salaman, 2001. p.97) They further reason for the send packing of this aspect explaining that people view decision making as part of a formal social system of an organization rather than viewing it as a political structure. Most people tend to work on decision making in psychological terms instead of seeing it in a sociological basis. In short, no person tends to see them as being political and in topic if they act so, they justify it by reasoning that they do it for the well being of the organization. There are several(prenominal) features for this political perspective of decision-making that lends support to it. Pettigrew observes these features and explains how important they are to an organization. (Salaman, 2001. p.97)According to him, every organization is a separate of several sub organizations. He views it to be a political system that is open for all. These sub-organizations specialize on each work and some of them may have to be dependent on one some other to produce the result. In such cases of inter-dependence, a joint decision has to be done in a decision making process. These kinds of processes pave

Miranda Warning, How it changed Police Interrogation Term Paper

Miranda Warning, How it changed Police Interrogation - Term Paper ExampleThe maiden major(ip) change in guard examen - that is, from following the voluntariness test - occurred in state jurisprudence. In 1966 the join States Supreme Court decided the case of Miranda. The Miranda finding has been the mirror for modern application of the Fifth Amendments privilege against compulsory self-incrimination in both federal and state criminal cases. Ernesto Miranda was convicted on charges of rape and abduct after providing police with a signed confession. Mirandas questioning by police lasted 2 hours and was conducted in an interrogation room without the aid of a lawyer. The three other defendants charged with the crimes experienced similar interrogation situations (Miranda v. Arizona, 1966 intoxicate Vignera v. New York California v. Stewart and Westover v. U.S., as cited in Oberlander & Goldstein, 2001). The Miranda Court, led by Chief Justice Earl Warren, believed a umbrageous au tomatically confronted a compulsory situation (inherent pressure) when placed in a police interrogation environment. The Supreme Court believed there had been widespread abuse throughout the nation by law enforcement personnel, and thereby, concluded that without proper safeguards for the process of in-custody interrogation of persons suspected or accused of crime the inherently compelling pressures leave behind work to undermine the individuals will to resist and will compel him to speak where he would not otherwise do so freely (Dunham , 2008 p. 540). Essentially, the Miranda decision established a new approach to the admissibility of suspects confessions by rejecting a judicial case-by-case determination of whether a confession was voluntarily given. The Court ruled that... The Miranda decision established a new approach to the admissibility of suspects confessions by rejecting a judicial case-by-case determination of whether a confession was voluntarily given. The Court ruled that any statement resulting from the interrogation of a suspect would be presumed involuntary and thus, inadmissible unless the police first provided the suspect with four warnings. Widely known as the Miranda warnings, these standards first state that the suspect has the right to remain silent. Second, any statements made by the suspect can be used as evidence against him or her. Third, the suspect has the right to the presence of an attorney during questioning. Finally, an attorney will be appointed if the suspect cannot afford counsel. In addition, the court determined that an individual may discontinue these Miranda rights if the waiver is knowing, voluntary, and intelligent. Soon after the Miranda decision, police departments developed and instituted Miranda warning statements, the majority of which were patterned after the Courts suggested warnings provided in an appendix to the Miranda decision. These warnings were added to enhance the existing test for admissibility of a confession - the due process voluntariness test.